Table 1.
Human Studies of GLP-1 or GLP-1RA-Mediated Cardioprotection
| First Author (Ref. #) | Year | Cardioprotective Agent | N | Protocol | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nikolaidis et al. (82) | 2004 | GLP-1 | 21 | 72-hGLP-1 infusion initiated within 4 h of PPCI in patients with severely impaired LV function vs. saline control | Improved global and regional left ventricular function on echocardiography |
| Sokos et al. (68) | 2006 | GLP-1 | 21 | Subcutaneous infusion of GLP-1 given for 5 weeks in patients with NYHA functional class III/IV heart failure vs. saline control | Improved quality of life score, 6-min walk tests and left ventricular ejection fraction |
| Read et al. (64) | 2010 | Sitagliptin | 14 | Patients with coronary artery disease given single dose of sitagliptin / placebo followed by dobutamine stress echocardiogram. Patients acted as their own control. | Sitagliptin improves ejection fraction and regional tissue Doppler indices at peak stress and 30-min recovery |
| Read et al. (66) | 2011 | GLP-1 | 20 | GLP-1/saline infusion initiated after coronary balloon occlusion in patients undergoing PCI with further balloon occlusion at 30 min | GLP-1 infusion protects against stunning and cumulative ischemic dysfunction on pressure-volume loop measurement |
| Read et al. (62) | 2012 | GLP-1 | 14 | Patients with coronary artery disease given infusion of GLP-1 / placebo followed by dobutamine stress echocardiogram. Patients acted as their own control. | GLP-1 infusion improves ejection fraction and regional tissue Doppler indices at peak stress and 30-min recovery |
| Lonborg et al. (70) | 2012 | Exenatide | 172 | GLP-1 infusion initiated 15 min before intervention in PPCI patients and continued for 6 h | Reduced final infarct size on CMR. No change in biomarker rise or overall left ventricular ejection fraction. No difference in clinical outcome. |
| Woo et al. (72) | 2013 | Exenatide | 58 | Twice daily subcutaneous exenatide injection for 72-h compared to placebo in patients receiving PPCI | Reduced infarct size on CMR and reduced biomarker rise (CK-MB and troponin-I) |
| McCormick et al. (65) | 2014 | Sitagliptin | 20 | Diabetic patients with coronary disease underwent dobutamine stress echocardiogram after 4 weeks of sitagliptin | Sitagliptin improves ejection fraction and regional tissue Doppler indices at peak stress and 30-min recovery compared to baseline stress echocardiogram |
| McCormick et al. (38) | 2015 | GLP-1 | 20 | GLP-1/saline infusion initiated prior to coronary balloon occlusion in patients undergoing PCI, monitored with pressure-volume loops | GLP-1 infusion protects against ischemic dysfunction and myocardial stunning when given prior to coronary balloon occlusion |
| McCormick et al. (63) | 2015 | GLP-1 | 10 | GLP-1 infusion given during dobutamine stress echocardiogram, concurrently with hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp in type 2 diabetic patients, who acted as their own control | GLP-1 infusion improves ejection fraction and regional tissue Doppler indices at peak stress and 30-min recovery |
| Roos et al. (73) | 2015 | Exenatide | 91 | GLP-1 infusion initiated immediately before PPCI and continued for 72 h | No change in final infarct size, ejection fraction or biomarker rise |
CK-MB = creatine kinase-MB; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36) amide; GLP-1RA = GLP-1 receptor agonist; LV = left ventricular; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PPCI = primary percutaneous coronary intervention.