Table 2.

Guidelines review of TDM indication

Question	Answer (LoE/GoR)	Guideline (Reference)
Indication	1. TDM should be performed in patients who are likely to receive courses of more than three days. (B/1) 2. Intensive dosing, at high risk of nephrotoxicity, with serious infectious, unstable (deteriorating or improving) renal function, haemodialysis, obesity, low body weight and special conditions that cause fluctuating volumes of distribution. (C/1)	2013, JPN3
	1. TDM should be performed in patients who receive concomitant nephrotoxic agents, ICU admissions, obese patients and those who have burns or impaired renal function. (C/1) 2. TDM should be performed in elderly patients and patients with concomitant hepatic diseases. (C/2)	2016, CHN.4

CHN, Chinese; GoR, grade of recommendation; ICU, intensive care unit; JPN, Japanese; LoE, level of evidence; TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring.