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Activation of p38 upregulated mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in irradiated cells. A, U‐2 OS cells were irradiated and incubated for 1 h. The levels of phosphorylated p38 (P‐p38) were analyzed by immunoblotting. B, C, U‐2 OS cells were pretreated with SB203580 for 1 h and then irradiated with 4 Gy γ‐rays. Total cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. **P < .01
