Table 4.

Multivariable analysis of associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and having an invasive orthopedic procedure in 4771 males with mild or moderate hemophilia

Characteristic	OR	95% CI	P
Age group, y
2-9	Ref
10-24	2.1	1.1-4.0	.02
25-44	5.7	3.0-10.9	< .001
45+	7.7	4.1-14.7	< .001
Race/ethnicity
White	Ref
African American	1.1	0.7-1.8	.7
Hispanic	0.5	0.3-0.9	.03
Other	0.5	0.2-1.2	.1
Insurance
Commercial	Ref
Medicaid/Medicare	1.2	0.9-1.6	.3
Other	0.7	0.4-1.3	.3
Uninsured	0.7	0.4-1.2	.2
BMI
Normal	Ref
Underweight	1.3	0.4-5.0	.7
Overweight	1.6	1.2-2.2	.004
Obese	1.5	1.1-2.2	.01
Hemophilia type
FVIII	Ref
FIX	0.7	0.5-0.9	.04
HIV infection
Negative	Ref
Positive	1.6	1.1-2.4	.03
Hepatitis C infection
Negative	Ref
Positive	1.7	1.2-2.3	.004
Hepatitis B infection
Negative	Ref
Positive	1.4	0.7-2.8	.4
Baseline FA level	0.96	0.95-0.98	< .001

The regression model included at a minimum the covariates of age group, race/ethnicity, insurance type, BMI category, hemophilia type, hepatitis B and C, HIV status, and baseline FA level. Invasive orthopedic procedures included arthrodesis; joint replacement; arthroscopic, radioisotopic, or open synovectomy; and any other invasive procedure.