Figure 4.
Inoculation of contused tissues induces memory deficits in wild-type mice. (A) Groups of mice used in the inoculation studies. C57BL/6J male mice were either left untreated (open bar) or inoculated bilaterally into the hippocampus and overlaying cerebral cortex with 10% brain homogenates from sham mice (grey) or from the contused (TBIipsi, indigo) or contralateral (TBIcontra, magenta) hemisphere at 12 months post-TBI. (B and C) Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition (NOR) test at 8 (B) and 12 (C) months after inoculation. Performance in the novel object recognition task was expressed as discrimination index (the higher the discrimination index the better the performance). (D and E) Locomotor activity was similar in naïve, sham and TBI inoculated mice at 8 (D) and 12 (E) months after inoculation. Data are mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, versus naïve; #P < 0.05 versus sham by one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test.