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. 2018 Aug 28;14:1744806918796057. doi: 10.1177/1744806918796057

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© The Author(s) 2018

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 8. — The possible interactions between AQP4 and ERK/MAPK pathway in CCI-induced pain. The injury increased AQP4 level and activated ERK, JNK and p38MAPK pathway. Inhibition of AQP4 attenuated inflammation, astrocyte activation, and decreased ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK activation, showing a potent analgesic effect on CCI-induced NP. AQP4: aquaporin 4; DRG: dorsal root ganglion; ERK: extracellular regulated protein kinase; IL: interleukin; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; TGF: transforming growth factor.