Table 1.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures in gynecology.
| Source, year | Study type | No. of patients | Main surgery type | Access ports | Optics | Operative time (min) | Blood transfusion | Complications, including conversion to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al,25 2015 | Case series | 4 | Robot-assisted hysterectomy | Single-site multi-instrument silicon port | 0° endoscope | 198.8a | 0 | None |
| Wang et al,18 2016 | Retrospective matched case–control | 34 | NOTES-assisted ovarian cystectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 10-mm 0° laparoscope | 38.1a | 0 | None |
| Baekelandt,23 2015, Baekelandt,24 2016 | Case series | 10 | Hysterectomy | Wound retractor or laryngeal mask airway & surgical glove | 10-mm rigid 0° laparoscope | 97a | 0 | 2 (1 cystitis, 1 vault hematoma) |
| Baekelandt,29 2015 | Video report | 1 | Adnexectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 10-mm rigid 0° laparoscope | NA | 0 | None |
| Lee et al,26 2014 | Case series | 3 | Myomectomy | Lagiport kit multiple-instrument access port | 10-mm 0° endoscope | 138.7a | 1 (preoperatively) | None |
| Lee et al,27 2014 | Case series | 3 | NOTES-assisted hysterectomy + salpingo-oophorectomy + pelvic lymphadenectomy | Lagiport kit multiple-instrument access port | 10-mm 0° endoscope | 249.3a | 0 | None |
| Wang et al,22 2015 | Retrospective matched case–control | 147 | NOTES-assisted hysterectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 10-mm 0° laparoscope | 76.7a | 9 | 4 (2 low-grade fever, 1 relaparoscopy, 1 bladder injury) |
| Lee et al,20 2014 | Case series | 137 | NOTES-assisted hysterectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 5-mm 30° or 10-mm conventional endoscope | 88.2a | 10 | 5 (3 lower abdominal pain with fever, l urinary tract infection, 1 urinary retention), 7 conversion to laparoscopy (5 failure of colpotomy, 1 massive vaginal bleeding, 1 bladder perforation) |
| Xu et al,17 2014 | Prospective randomized | 18 | Salpingectomy (pure NOTES = 17, hybrid NOTES = 1) | One 10-mm trocar | Double-channel endoscope | 53.3a | 0 | None |
| Yang et al,21 2014 | Retrospective matched case-control | 16 | NOTES-assisted hysterectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 10-mm rigid 30° laparoscope | 70.6a | 0 | None |
| Yang et al,16 2013 | Case series | 7 | Salpingo-oophorectomy(n = 3), oophorectomy (n = 3), paraovarian cystectomy(n = 1) | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 10-mm rigid 30° laparoscope | 45b | 0 | None |
| Lee et al,28 2012 | Case series | 15 | Tubal sterilization (n = 2), salpingectomy (n = 2), ovarian tumor enucleation(n = 1), NOTES-assisted hysterectomy (n = 10) | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 5-mm 30° endoscope | 64.3a | 1 | None |
| Su et al,19 2012 | Case series | 16 | NOTES-assisted hysterectomy | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 5-mm 30° endoscope | 146.1a | 4 | None |
| Ahn et al,14 2012, | Case series | 10 | Oophorectomy (n = 3), | SILS port | 5-mm flexible 0° or | 70.6a | 1 (preoperatively) | None |
| Kim,15 2013 | salpingostomy (n = 2), salpingectomy (n = 2), ovarian cystectomy (n = 1), paratubal cystectomy(n = 1), ovarian wedge resection (n = 1) | rigid 30° endoscope | ||||||
| Lee et al,13 2012 | Case series | 10 | Tubal sterilization (n = 3), salpingectomy (n = 3), ovarian tumor enucleation(n = 4) | Wound retractor & surgical glove | 5-mm 30° endoscope | 75.3a | 1 | 1 conversion to laparoscopy |
NA = not available; NOTES = natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery; SILS = single-incision laparoscopic surgery.
a Mean.
b Median.