Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and cognitive data along clinical groups and the AD continuum
| Healthy controls | MCI | Dementia | All participants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole sample | ||||
| n, (% of total sample) | 159 (22.4) | 423 (59.5) | 129 (18.1) | 711 (100) |
| Age, years | 73.5 ± 6.3b | 71.5 ± 7.3ac | 74.4 ± 8.4b | 72.5 ± 7.4 |
| Women, n (%) | 78 (49.1) | 231 (54.3) | 77 (59.7) | 386 (54.3) |
| Education, years | 16.6 ± 2.5c | 16.2 ± 2.6 | 15.7 ± 2.6a | 16.2 ± 2.6 |
| APOE ε4, n (%) | 43 (27)bc | 202 (47.8)ac | 86 (66.7)ab | 331 (46.6) |
| MMSE | 29.1 ± 1.1bc | 28.1 ± 1.7ac | 23.2 ± 2ab | 27.4 ± 2.6 |
| ADAS-Cog |
9.1 ± 4.5bc |
14.8 ± 7ac |
28 ± 11ab |
16.3 ± 10.1 |
| Asymptomatic at risk for AD |
Prodromal AD |
AD dementia |
All AD stages |
|
| AD continuum∗ | ||||
| n, (% of AD continuum∗) | 51 (12.8) | 232 (58.4) | 114 (28.7) | 397 (100) |
| Age, years | 75.7 ± 5.8b | 72.8 ± 6.7a | 74 ± 8.4 | 73.6 ± 7.1 |
| Women, n (%) | 19 (37.3) | 128 (55.2) | 63 (55.3) | 210 (52.9) |
| Education, years | 16 ± 2.4 | 16 ± 2.8 | 15.6 ± 2.7 | 15.9 ± 2.7 |
| APOE ε4, n (%) | 21 (41.2)bc | 155 (66.8)a | 85 (74.6)a | 261 (65.7) |
| MMSE | 29.1 ± 0.9bc | 27.7 ± 1.8ac | 23.1 ± 2.1ab | 26.6 ± 2.9 |
| ADAS-Cog | 10 ± 4.6bc | 17.1 ± 6.9ac | 30.2 ± 11.4ab | 20 ± 10.7 |
NOTE. Results are mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or frequency (%) for categorical variables. a: different from healthy controls/asymptomatic at risk for l AD (P < .05); b: different from MCI/prodromal AD stage (P < .05); c: different from dementia/AD dementia stage (P < .05).
∗
The AD state was defined by a positive FBP PET; Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Sub-scale, (ADAS-Cog); MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR-SOB, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; APOE, apolipoprotein E.