Table 2.
Studies with positive results.
| Reference | study design | Tai Chi group | control group | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | after intervention | baseline | after intervention | ||||||
| Catherine A. Hartman, et al [23] | RCT | self-efficacy for arthritis symptoms | 70.6 (13.5) | 81.6 (9.5) | 79.0 (12.1) | 80.3 (11.4) | P=0.012 | M (SD) | between groups |
| total arthritis self-efficacy | 220.0 (39.3) | 242.5 (28.5) | 231.5 (27.6) | 231.4 (32.5) | P=0.043 | ||||
| Gloria Y Yeh, et al [17] | RCT | exercise self-efficacy | 3.6 (2.7,3.8) | 3.7 (3.5,4.1) | 3.7 (3.1,4.3) | 3.4 (3.0,4.0) | P<0.001 | Median (Q1,Q3) | between groups |
| Chen-Yuan Hsu, et al [42] | RCT | exercise self-efficacy | 33.26 (32.13) | 35.66 (36.83) | 27.16 (29.06) | 15.30 (26.43) | P=0.01 | M (SD) | between groups |
| Fuzhong Li, et al [44] | RCT | fall self-efficacy | 7.59 (1.09) | 8.65 (1.20) | 7.65 (1.21) | 7.82 (1.20) | P<0.001 | M (SD) | between groups |
| Fuzhong Li, et al [19] | RCT | barrier efficacy | 38.575 (10.713) | 42.888 (7.107) | 39.531 (8.744) | 31.844 (12.295) | P<0.05 | M (SD) | between groups |
| performance efficacy | 23.225 (6.867) | 26.825 (4.574) | 23.000 (6.849) | 21.344 (8.560) | P<0.05 | ||||
| Wei Sun, [40] | RCT | general self- efficacy | 30.1433 | 32.3561 | 32.0767 | 32.1032 | P<0.01 | M | between groups |
| Bo Li, et al [35] | RCT | fall self-efficacy | 4.81 (1.39) | 7.73 (1.36) | 4.74 (1.25) | 5.64 (1.32) | P<0.001 | M (SD) | between groups |
| Lorna Ng, et al [16] | RCT | CSES | 0.638 (0.152) | 0.685 (0.137) | 0.684 (0.165) | 0.733 (0.143) | P<0.001 | M (SD) | within groups |
| SEMSOB | 6.53 (1.98) | 7.03 (1.75) | 6.86 (2.34) | 7.13 (1.98) | P<0.001 | ||||
| Karen Caldwell, et al [18] | NRS | general self- efficacy | 57.6 | 63.2 | / | / | P=0.0005 | M | within groups |
| Yong Tai Wang, et al [43] | NRS | PSEQ | 54.58 (6.72) | 56.25 (5.49) | 43.67 (14.97) | 43.13 (16.05) | P<0.05 | M (SD) | within groups |
| Arnaud Dechamps, et al [36] | RCT | fall self-efficacy | 55.1 (23.44) | 16.8 (7) | 48.6 (26.3) | 26.5 (23.6) | P<0.001 | M (SD) | within groups |
| exercise self-efficacy | 40.3 (21.4) | 56.3 (32.4) | 35.3 (21.3) | 63.9 (33.7) | P<0.003 | M (SD) | within groups | ||
| Chenchen Wang, et al [15] | RCT | arthritis self-efficacy -week 12 |
0.60 (0.12, 1.08) | −0.11 (−0.59, 0.37) | P=0.04 | M (95%CI) change from baseline | between groups | ||
| arthritis self-efficacy -week 24 |
0.68 (0.20, 1.16) | −0.17 (−0.65, 0.31) | P=0.02 | ||||||
| arthritis self-efficacy -week 48 |
0.72 (0.24, 1.20) | −0.24 (−0.72, 0.24) | P=0.007 | ||||||
| Marko Nedel jkovic, et al [50] |
RCT | general self- efficacy -week 12 | 1.89 (2.88) | −0.10 (2.52) | P=0.006 | M (SD) change from baseline | between groups | ||
| general self- efficacy -week 20 |
2.46 (2.30) | 1.06 (2.58) | P=0.033 | ||||||
| Kim D. Jones, et al [34] | RCT | self-efficacy-pain | 9.2 (2.1, 18.3) | −1.5 (−0.7, −0.2) | P=0.00001 | M (95%CI) change from baseline | between groups | ||
| self-efficacy-function | 7.9 (0.9, 14.1) | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.1) | P=0.00007 | ||||||
| self-efficacy- other symptoms |
12.5 (3.8, 21.1) | −0.8 (−0.9, −0.6) | P=0.00001 | ||||||
| Ruth E. Taylor Piliae, et al [51] | quasi-experimental study | TCSE barriers | 25.0 (37.1) | P<0.01 | M (SD) change from baseline | within groups | |||
| TCSE performance | 18.8 (26.3) | P<0.01 | |||||||
Q= quartile; M=mean; SD=standard deviation; 95%CI=95% confidence interval.