Table 2.

Sex-related differences in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in adult cancer patients

Adult studies	Number of patients	Age at diagnosis	Time after chemo-therapy	Anthracycline dose	Major conclusion/comments
Von Hoff et al. [82]	4018	Mainly adult population (10% < 18 years)	0–231 days	13–5047 mg/m2 Mean = 240 mg/m2 Median = 183 mg/m2	No effect of sex
Hrushesky et al. [83]	34	19–78	2 years	300–550 mg/m2	Higher ratio of females developed CHF (7 out of 24, compared to 1 out of 10) Confounding factors of sex-dependent diagnosis and DOX dose.
Clements et al. [45]	33	Mean age of 55 ± 14	Within 1 year after the onset of treatment	40–618 mg/m2 Mean = 223 mg/m2	Male sex was an independent risk factor for development of systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction early after initiation of DOX
Limat et al. [84]	151	25–79 Median age of 59	1 year	50–400 mg/m2 Median = 290 mg/m2	No effect of sex
Hequet et al. [46]	141	15–69 Median 47	At least 5 years	250–550 mg/m2 Median = 300 mg/m2	Male sex was a risk factor for subclinical cardiomyopathy
Elbl et al. [85]	47	18–76 Mean of 49	1 year	50–400 mg/m2 Mean = 277 mg/m2	Sex was not a risk factor for either drop in EF > 10% or all cardiac events
Hershman et al. [50]	4001	> 65	8 years	NA	No difference (elderly population)
Neilan et al. [49]	91	Mean of 43	A median of 88 months	Mean = 276 mg/m2	No significant effect of gender on major adverse cardiac events
Szmit et al. [47]	208	Median of 56	After the last administered cycle of chemotherapy	300–400 mg/m2 Median = 350 mg/m2	Female sex was protective for left ventricular systolic dysfunction (OR = 0.324)
Wang et al. [48]	2285	Mean of 53	193–1666 days	Doxorubicin 88–267 mg/m2 Epirubicin 100–295 mg/m2 Idarubicin 8–19 mg/m2	Male gender hazard ratio of 1.84 for cardiac events (symptomatic heart failure or cardiac death)