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. 2018 Aug 29;37:203. doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-0887-z

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. CCL2 secreted by TANs associates with IL-8 to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/AKT HIF-1α pathway. TANs also upregulate the downstream ZEB1 transcription factors by secreting NE. In addition, HGF promotes EMT of tumor cells and increases hematogenous dissemination by binding to its receptor c-Met. In the absence of p53 gene expression, HGF/Met also mediates EMT of hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulation of Snail and other transcription factors