Table 4. Univariate analysis of risk factors for all-cause mortality within 14 days after onset of bacteremia due to E. coli.
| Variables | Survived (n = 105) | Died (n = 10) | OR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: male | 50 | 6 | 1.53 | 0.43–5.41 | .51 |
| Intensive care unit after infection | 17 | 4 | 2.91 | 0.82–10.33 | .08 |
| Inadequate antibiotic therapy within 24 h | 9 | 5 | 9.11 | 2.63–31.55 | < .001 |
| Community-onset infection | 51 | 3 | 0.55 | 0.14–2.15 | .38 |
| Healthcare-associated infection | 38 | 2 | 0.53 | 0.11–2.48 | .41 |
| Nosocomial infection | 54 | 7 | 1.80 | 0.47–6.99 | .38 |
| Nursing home-associated infection | 7 | 2 | 2.80 | 0.59–13.19 | .17 |
| Antibiotic(s) used within 30 days: | |||||
| Any antibiotic | 41 | 9 | 10.93 | 1.38–86.3 | .004 |
| Any carbapenem | 11 | 5 | 6.18 | 1.79–21.4 | < .001 |
| Any quinolone | 7 | 1 | 1.52 | 0.19–12.0 | .69 |
| Immunosuppressant used within 30 days | 30 | 5 | 2.18 | 0.63–7.52 | .21 |
| General anesthesia within 30 days | 12 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.10–6.22 | .82 |
| Chemotherapy within 30 days | 11 | 2 | 1.84 | 0.39–8.68 | .43 |
| Radiation within 30 days | 4 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .52 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 16 | 2 | 1.21 | 0.26–5.68 | .81 |
| Source of infection: | |||||
| Urinary tract | 60 | 2 | 0.21 | 0.046–1.01 | .03 |
| Intra-abdominal | 28 | 4 | 1.71 | 0.48–6.05 | .40 |
| Catheter-associated | 4 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .52 |
| Soft-tissue | 1 | 1 | 8.21 | 1.03–65.3 | .02 |
| Pneumonia | 4 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .52 |
| Unknown | 8 | 3 | 4.39 | 1.13–17.0 | .02 |
| Comorbid condition(s): | |||||
| Malignancy | 45 | 4 | 0.86 | 0.24–3.04 | .81 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 | 2 | 0.83 | 0.18–3.9 | .81 |
| Connective tissue disease | 9 | 1 | 1.07 | 0.14–8.45 | .95 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 12 | 2 | 1.95 | 0.41–9.19 | .39 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 7 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .39 |
| Paraplegia or hemiplegia | 7 | 1 | 1.20 | 0.43–3.36 | .73 |
| Dementia | 7 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .39 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 | 1 | 0.54 | 0.068–4.26 | .55 |
| Chronic liver disease | 12 | 5 | 6.26 | 1.81–21.7 | < .001 |
| Renal insufficiency | 15 | 2 | 1.46 | 0.31–6.86 | .63 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 11 | 2 | 2.10 | 0.45–9.89 | .34 |
| Leukemia | 3 | 1 | 3.55 | 0.45–28.0 | .20 |
| Lymphoma | 4 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .52 |
| Peptic ulcer | 2 | 0 | <0.001 | 0–Inf | .65 |
| Indwelling device: | |||||
| Peripheral catheter | 25 | 2 | 0.74 | 0.16–3.50 | .70 |
| Urinary catheter | 17 | 4 | 2.78 | 0.78–9.85 | .10 |
| Oxygen inhalation | 15 | 3 | 2.15 | 0.56–8.31 | .25 |
| Central venous catheter | 8 | 3 | 4.18 | 1.08–16.18 | .02 |
| Drainage tube | 6 | 2 | 3.16 | 0.67–14.87 | .12 |
| Tracheotomy tube | 2 | 2 | 6.50 | 1.38–30.61 | .006 |
| Nasogastric tube | 1 | 3 | 13.17 | 3.39–51.14 | < .001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2 | 2 | 6.50 | 1.38–30.61 | < .001 |
| Continuous hemodiafiltration | 1 | 1 | 5.54 | 0.70–43.7 | .07 |
| Empiric treatment with a carbapenem | 43 | 6 | 1.89 | 0.53–6.70 | .31 |
| Carbapenem use after susceptibility test | 66 | 4 | 0.36 | 0.10–1.27 | .09 |
| Carbapenem use | 68 | 6 | 0.71 | 0.20–2.51 | .59 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 85 | 6 | 0.36 | 0.10–1.28 | .10 |
| Charlson comorbidity score of > 2 | 47 | 7 | 2.62 | 0.68–10.12 | .15 |
| Age, mean years (SD) | 71.4 (12.1) | 64.1 (19.5) | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | .10 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 4.3 (3.1) | 3.0 (2.1) | 1.26 | 0.97–1.62 | .08 |
| ESBL-only-EC | 23 | 4 | 2.36 | 0.45–10.94 | .24 |
| ESBL-EC | 24 | 6 | 4.97 | 1.08–26.01 | .02 |
| ESBL/IMP-6-EC | 1 | 2 | 24.17 | 1.15–1527.7 | .02 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidential interval; SD, standard deviation; ESBL-only-EC, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing only E. coli; ESBL-EC, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli; non-ESBL-EC, non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli