Table 3.
Odds ratios of depressive symptoms according to the quartile of serum vitamin D levels
| Variable | Quartile 1, n = 235 | Quartile 2, n = 231 | Quartile 3, n = 236 | Quartile 4, n = 238 | P for Linear Trend | 5-ng/mL Decrement of Plasma Vitamin D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum vitamin D, ng/mL, mean (range) | 12.0 (3.9–16.3) | 19.2 (16.4–21.5) | 24.4 (21.6–28.0) | 35.1 (28.1–65.1) | ||
| Depression, % (n) | 41.3% (97) | 38.5% (89) | 26.7% (63) | 22.7% (54) | ||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 2.48 (1.67–3.70) *** | 2.02 (1.35–3.03) ** | 1.24 (0.82–1.89) | 1.00 | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.10–1.29) *** |
| Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | 1.73 (1.10–2.72) * | 1.61 (1.04–2.50) * | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 1.00 | 0.003 | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) * |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval
aAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, living conditions, social interactions, BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, FBG, ALB, Hb, eGFR, lifestyle variables, ADL impairments, outdoor activities, visual impairments, and auditory impairments
P < 0.05*, 0.01**, 0.001***