Table 2. Results of generalized linear mixed effects model (GLMM).

The effects of gut passage (GT), deposition distance from conspecifics (DS), vertebrate exclosure (VE) and their interactions (:) among these variables on seed removal. Also, the effects of fruit handling (FH), deposition distance from conspecifics (DS), vertebrate exclosure (VE) and their interactions (:) on fruit removal. Significance estimated by comparing the minimal model (MM) with the null model (NM). We built the minimum models through backward exclusion of non-significant variables (p > 0.05). The Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) represents the uncertainty of the model whereby lower AIC values represent the more parsimonious models. Error distribution used was binomial.

Response variables	Explanatory variables of the minimal model	D.f.	AIC (MM)	AIC (NM)	P
Seed removal	GT + VE + GT:VE	6	407.84	413.29	< 0.001
Fruit removal	FH + DS + VE + DS:VE	7	219.94	311.31	< 0.001