Socio-economic status was quantified per the Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status (BSMSS), which assigns codes for number of years of maternal education (18 = completed college, possible scores range from 3 to 21). Nonverbal IQ was assessed using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-2 Matrices); Letter ID and Word ID are subtests of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (WRMT-R/NU). Task performance accuracy (percent correct) on the one-back tasks was measured by number of (hits + correct rejections) / total stimuli.