Table 1.
Characteristics | Time interval | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
First interval (n = 337) |
Second interval (n = 337) |
Third interval (n = 337) |
||
Age (years) | 82 (77–85) | 82 (77–85) | 81 (77–85) | 0.44 |
Male sex | 133 (39.5%) | 150 (44.5%) | 157 (46.6%) | 0.062 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 (24.2–30.6) | 26.7 (24.1–30.2) | 26.9 (24.0–30.0) | 0.57 |
NYHA class III or IV | 249 (73.9%) | 239 (70.9%) | 234 (69.4%) | 0.20 |
Urgent setting | 81 (24.0%) | 85 (25.2%) | 40 (11.9%) | <0.0001 |
Cardiovascular medical history | ||||
– Hypertension | 264 (78.3%) | 293 (86.9%) | 275(81.6%) | 0.27 |
– Atrial fibrillation | 120 (35.6%) | 144 (42.7%) | 139 (41.2%) | 0.14 |
– Valvular surgery | 12 (3.6%) | 13 (3.9%) | 13 (3.9%) | 0.84 |
– Coronary bypass surgery | 60 (17.8%) | 43 (12.8%) | 38 (11.3%) | 0.014 |
– PCI | 107 (31.8%) | 95 (28.2%) | 80 (23.7%) | 0.020 |
– Pacemaker | 28 (8.3%) | 41 (12.2%) | 32 (9.5%) | 0.61 |
– Stroke | 32 (9.5%) | 45 (13.4%) | 34 (10.1%) | 0.81 |
– Peripheral artery disease | 106 (31.5%) | 96 (28.2%) | 90 (26.7%) | 0.17 |
Non-cardiovascular medical history | ||||
– COPD | 134 (39.8%) | 117 (34.7%) | 83 (24.6%) | <0.0001 |
– Diabetes mellitus | 102 (30.3%) | 104 (30.9%) | 110 (32.6%) | 0.51 |
– Renal clearance <60 ml/min | 145 (43.0%) | 145 (43.0%) | 133 (39.5%) | 0.35 |
– Liver cirrhosis | 6 (1.8%) | 9 (2.7%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0.38 |
STS-PROM (score) | 4.838 (3.315–7.176) | 4.833 (3.273–6.868) | 4.022 (2.830–5.947) | 0.00013 |
STS-PROM categories | <0.0001 | |||
– STS-PROM score <4 | 126 (37.4%) | 122 (36.2%) | 165 (49.0%) | – |
– STS-PROM score ≥4 <8 | 142 (42.1%) | 156 (46.3%) | 137 (40.7%) | – |
– STS-PROM score ≥8 | 69 (20.5%) | 59 (17.5%) | 35 (10.4%) | – |
Euroscore I (score) | 16.19 (10.34–25.72) | 14.70 (10.11–22.22) | 12.87 (9.07–20.12) | <0.0001 |
Euroscore II (score) | 4.69 (2.82–8.28) | 4.31 (2.69–7.44) | 3.73 (2.33–6.50) | <0.0001 |
Porcelain aorta | 23 (6.8%) | 21 (6.2%) | 11 (3.3%) | 0.042 |
Hostile chest | 26 (7.7%) | 25 (7.4%) | 24 (7.1%) | 0.77 |
Pre-procedural echocardiography | ||||
– LVEF <30% | 30/335 (9.0%) | 24/337 (7.1%) | 26/336 (7.7%) | 0.56 |
– Moderate/severe RVF | 18/335 (5.4%) | 20/336 (6.0%) | 26/335 (7.8%) | 0.21 |
– SPAP >55 mm Hg | 45/331 (13.6%) | 28/327 (8.6%) | 24/327 (7.3%) | 0.0070 |
– Moderate/severe MR | 46/336 (13.7%) | 39/334 (12.3%) | 26/333 (7.8%) | 0.016 |
If data were missing denominators are notated
NYHA New York Heart Association, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, STS-PROM Society of Thoracic Surgery predicted risk of mortality, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, RVF right ventricle failure, SPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure, MR mitral regurgitation