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. 2018 Aug 29;8:12998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31171-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TLR4 is required for the phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages. (a) Macrophages from TLR4 knockout (KO) or wild-type (WT) mice were infected with YFP-E. coli. (b) Macrophages were pre-treated with TLR blocking antibody or with isotype control antibody and infected with YFP-E. coli. Cells were incubated for 15 minutes, washed and chased for different time points. Cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry. Columns represent the percentage of positive cells for CD11b and YFP, analyzed after different times of incubation. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean of four independent experiments. Statistical significance (***p < 0.001) refers to the difference between macrophages differentiated from KO mice and macrophages differentiated from WT mice (a) or to the difference between macrophages treated with blocking antibody and macrophages treated with isotype control antibody (b).