Fig. 4. aP2-Prdm4 Tg male mice increase energy expenditure in HFD feeding.

a, b Energy expenditure was evaluated by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. a O₂ consumption and b CO₂ production rates of littermate control NonTg and Prdm4 Tg male mice were measured by indirect calorimetry using CLAMS after 6 weeks on HFD (n = 7 per group). Bar graph (right panel) represents the average of O₂ consumption or CO₂ production in each group. c Rectal temperature was measured in NonTg and aP2-Prdm4 Tg male mice during cold exposure at 4 °C. d Corrected food intake in NonTg and aP2-Prdm4 Tg male mice. e Ambulatory activities, and f Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of NonTg and aP2-Prdm4 Tg HFD-fed mice (n = 7 per group). Data represent mean ± s.e.m. and statistically significant differences between control NonTg and aP2-Prdm4 Tg mice were determined by Student’s t-test. Statistically significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA for the rectal temperature. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005