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. 2018 Aug 23;9:1924. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01924

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Copyright © 2018 Rao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distinctions between Tph cells and Tfh cells. Tfh cells home to follicles following the chemokine CXCL13, which acts on CXCR5 on the Tfh cells. In contrast, Tph cells express a distinct set of chemokine receptors that direct migration to sites of inflammation, such as the RA joint. In both cases, Tph cells or Tfh cells interact with CXCR5+ B cells by producing CXCL13 to help recruit B cells, and IL-21 to help drive B cell activation and differentiation. For Tfh cells, this promotes generation of a GC reaction in follicles. For Tph cells, this may augment local antibody production within the tissue.