Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Aug 23;9:247. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00247

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2018 Wang and Dreesen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic representation of young and aged human skin. (Top) Illustration of young (Left) and aged senescent cells (Right). Senescent cells are characterized by (1) enlarged and flattened cell morphology, (2) increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, (3) p16 upregulation, (4) reduced lamin B1 expression, (5) translocation of nuclear HMGB1 into the cytoplasm and extracellular space and (6) secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, including inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases. (Bottom) The epidermis consists of keratinocytes, arranged into basal (gray), spinous, granular and cornified layers. Keratinocytes progressively flatten as they move apically and lose their nuclei. Melanocytes (brown) reside within the basal layer; their dendrites branch to neighboring keratinocytes to facilitate pigment transfer. The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) separates the epidermis from the underlying dermis. Dermal fibroblasts (blue) reside among collagen and elastin fibers (green fibers) in the dermis. Aged skin (Right) becomes atrophic due to reduced proliferation, exhibits abnormal pigmentation, increased inflammation and breakdown of collagen fibers.