Table 2.
List of DNA, virus-vectored, VLPs, and recombinant protein based dengue vaccine candidates.
| Vaccine candidates and type | Approach | Status/Animal model | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| D1ME100/ TVDV (Monovalent)-NMRC, USA (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 1 prM and E protein expressed under control of human cytomegalovirus promoter of VR1012 vector | Phase I | (69) |
| pcTPANS1 (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS1 protein-TPA transfected in BHK-21 cells | Preclinical/Mice | (70) |
| αDEC-NS1 (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS1 protein transfected in HEK cells | Preclinical/Mice | (71) |
| DENV3 prM/E (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 3 prM and E protein transfected in HeLa cells | Preclinical/Mice | (72) |
| DENV4 prM/E (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 4 prM and E protein generated using mammalian expression plasmid pCI | Preclinical/Mice | (73) |
| DENV1-4 E (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 E ectodomain | Preclinical/Mice | (17) |
| DEN EDIII-CH3 (DNA vaccine) | Dengue virus EDIII protein linked to CH3 domain of IgG H chain | Preclinical/Mice | (74) |
| DENV2 EDIIII scaffold/DNA (DNA vaccine) | Protein particle (60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins) and a DNA expression plasmid (EDIII portion cloned into E. coli) | Preclinical/NHPs | (75) |
| MV-DENV1-4 EDIII (Tetravalent) (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 EDIII protein and dengue virus 1 ectoM expressed from live attenuated measles virus vector | Preclinical/NHPs | (76) |
| DENV1-4 E85-VEE (Tetravalent) (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 soluble E dimer (E85) protein expressed from single-cycle VEE virus vector | Preclinical/NHPs | (77) |
| DENV2 DIII-S; hybrid DIII-S (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 DIII protein and Hepatitis B surface (S) antigen (HBsAg); Hybrid antigen displaying DIII-S on an unmodified HBsAg scaffold expressed from two MV vectors | Preclinical/Mice | (78) |
| MV-DENV1-4 EDIII (Tetravalent) (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 EDIII protein expressed from MV vector | Preclinical/Mice | (79) |
| rMVA/Sg-E (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 3 E protein with signal peptide expressed from MVA vector | Preclinical/Mice | (80) |
| DENV2 E85-RRV and DENV2 NS5-RRV (Tetravalent) (Virus-vectored vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 E85 and NS5 protein expressed from RR virus vector | Preclinical/NHPs | (51) |
| DENV1 C/prM/E (VLPs vaccine) | Co-expressed dengue virus 1 C, prM and E protein in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Rabbit | (81) |
| DENV2 EDIII-HBsAg or ectoE (Tetravalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EDIII protein-HBsAg VLPs or ectoE-based VLPs expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (82) |
| DENV1 E; DENV2 E; DENV3 E, and DENV4 E (Monovalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Dengue virus 1, 2, 3 and 4 E ectodomain expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (83–86) |
| DENV1-4 prM/E (Tetravalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Co-expressed dengue virus 1-4 prM and E protein in P. pastoris | Preclinical | (87) |
| DENV1-4 prM/E (VLPs vaccine) | Co-expressed dengue virus 1-4 prM and E protein with a F108A mutation in the fusion loop of E in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (88) |
| DENV1-2/mVLP (Bivalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Co-expressed dengue virus 1 and 2 E protein mosaic VLP (mVLP) in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (89) |
| DSV4 (Tetravalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Co-expressed dengue virus 1-4 EDIII protein + HBsAg (4 copies) in P. pastoris | Preclinical/mice/NHPs | (90) |
| T-mVLPs (Tetrvalent) (VLPs vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 E protein expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (91) |
| MWNT-DENV3 E (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 3 E protein expressed in E. coli and conjugated with MWNT | Preclinical/ mice | (92) |
| DENV4 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 4 EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (93) |
| DENV1-4 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 EDIII proteins expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (15) |
| DENV2 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (94) |
| DENV1 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1 EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (95) |
| DENV3 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 3 EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (96) |
| Lipidated DENV3 EDIII and DENV4 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Lipidated dengue virus 3 and 4 EDIII proteins expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (97, 98) |
| DENV cEDIII (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus consensus EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/NHPs | (99) |
| Lipidated DENV1-4 EDIII (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Physical mix of lipidated EDIII proteins of dengue virus 1-4 expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (100) |
| DENV2 EDIII-C (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EDIII-capsid chimeric protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (101) |
| DENV4 EDIII-P64k and DENV EDIII-P64k (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 4 EDIII-P64k chimeric protein and tetravalent EDIII-P64k expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (102) |
| EDIII 1, 2 I-P64k and EDIII-capsid (Monovalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | EDIII-P64k (chimeric) and EDIII capsid (chimeric) proteins expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/NHPs | (103–105) |
| DENV1-4 C (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 capsid proteins expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/NHPs | (106) |
| DIIIC and Tetra DIIIC (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 DIII capsid chimeric proteins of each dengue virus serotypes expressed in E. coli and their mixture | Preclinical/NHPs | (107, 108) |
| MixBiEDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Mix of EDIIIs proteins of two serotypes (1–2 and 3–4) expressed in E. coli. | Preclinical/Mice | (109) |
| EIII-STF2 (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Tetravalent dengue vaccines consisting of four constructs, each containing two copies of EIII fused to flagellin (STF2) and expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/NHPs | (110) |
| DENV3 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 3 EDIII protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (111) |
| DENV1 EDIII and DENV2 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1 and 2 EDIII proteins expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (112) |
| DENV2 NS1 (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS1 protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (113, 114) |
| DENV2 NS3 (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS3 protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (115) |
| DENV2 NS5 (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS5 protein expressed in E. coli | Preclinical/Mice | (116) |
| DENV2 E (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 E protein expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (117) |
| DENV1-4 EDIII (Tetravalent) (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 EDIII chimeric protein expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (118) |
| DENV2 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EDIII protein expressed in P. pastoris | Preclinical/Mice | (119) |
| DENV1-4 cEDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 consensus EDIII protein expressed in S.cerevisiae | Preclinical/Mice | (120) |
| V180 (DEN-80E), Merck/NIAID (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Truncated (80% E protein) expressed in S-2 cells | Phase I | (121) |
| DENV 1-4 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1-4 EDIII proteins expressed in Trichoplusia ni cells (High Five cells) | Preclinical/ Mice | (122) |
| DENV2 EII*EIII and DENV2 EIII*EIII/NS1 (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EII*EIII and EIII*EIII/NS1 proteins expressed in S-2 cells | Preclinical/ Mice | (123) |
| DENV2 NS1 (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 NS1 protein expressed in S-2 cells | Preclinical/Mice | (124) |
| DENV1 E, DENV2 E and DENV 4 E (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 1, 2 and 4 E proteins expressed in Sf-9 cells | Preclinical/ Mice | (125) |
| DEN-80E LNPs (Tetravalent), Merck (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus E protein from all four serotypes (DEN-80E) expressed in S-2 cells formulated with ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) | Preclinical/NHPs | (126) |
| cE80(D4) and cE80(max)] (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue proteins single and consensus [cE80(D4) and cE80(max)] expressed in Sf−9 cells | Preclinical/Mice | (127) |
| DENV1-4 cEDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus consensus EDIII protein in conjunction with PIGS expressed in CHO cells | Preclinical/Mice | (128) |
| DENV2 EDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus 2 EDIII protein expressed using TMV based vector in N.benthamiana | Preclinical/Mice | (129) |
| DENV1-4 cEDIII (Recombinant protein vaccine) | Dengue virus consensus EDIII protein in conjunction with PIGS expressed in N. benthamiana | Preclinical/Mice | (128) |