Table 3.
Clinical signs considered by respondents in 2006 and 2016 suggestive of back-pain in horses.
| Clinical signs | 2016 Respondents n (%) | 2006 Respondents n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Aggressive behavior | 134 (81) | n.r. |
| Bad attitude | 102 (61) | n.r. |
| Bunny-hopping hindlimb gait | 94 (56) | n.r |
| Difficulty during transition | 121 (72) | n.r |
| Difficulty to curve | 116 (69) | 38 (81) |
| Difficulty to ride/Resists work | 131 (78) | 45 (96) |
| Drifting away during work | 92 (55) | 25 (53) |
| Local heat area | 74 (44) | 19 (40) |
| Loss of amplitude in the gaits | 129 (77) | 40 (85) |
| Modification of jumping style | 138 (82) | 42 (89) |
| Paravertebral muscle atrophy | 133 (79) | n.r. |
| Poor hindlimbs impulsion | 119 (71) | n.r. |
| Poor performances | 124 (74) | 42 (89) |
| Refuse to jump | 113 (67) | n.r. |
| Spasm of longissimus dorsi at palpation | 111 (66) | n.r. |
| Subtle hindlimb lameness | 82 (49) | 26 (55) |
| Unexplained forelimb lameness | 67 (40) | 10 (21) |
n.r., not required.