Table 4.

Odds ratios of primary outcome (withdrawal of dialysis and death in either a non-hospital or hospice setting), and of component outcomes, according to minority status in patients on dialysis dying between 2000 and 2014, analyzed separately in subgroups defined by insurance provider

Variable	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	Medicare A/B	HMO	Medicare A/B	HMO	Medicare A/B	HMO	Medicare A/B
Primary outcome (Medicare A/B, 17.9% of 818,953/HMO, 22.1% of 124,246)
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Minority	0.41 (0.41 to 0.42)	0.48 (0.46 to 0.49)	0.48 (0.47 to 0.48)	0.5 (0.49 to 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 to 0.56)	0.60 (0.58 to 0.62)	0.55 (0.55 to 0.56)
Non-Hispanic black	0.37 (0.37 to 0.38)	0.42 (0.41 to 0.44)	0.44 (0.43 to 0.45)	0.45 (0.43 to 0.47)	0.50 (0.49 to 0.51)	0.51 (0.49 to 0.54)	0.50 (0.49 to 0.51)
Non-Hispanic Native American	0.58 (0.54 to 0.61)	0.60 (0.45 to 0.81)	0.71 (0.67 to 0.76)	0.71 (0.52 to 0.95)a	0.70 (0.66 to 0.74)	0.70 (0.51 to 0.95)a	0.69 (0.65 to 0.74)
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.41 (0.40 to 0.43)	0.49 (0.46 to 0.53)	0.40 (0.39 to 0.42)	0.51 (0.47 to 0.55)	0.47 (0.45 to 0.50)	0.54 (0.50 to 0.58)	0.47 (0.45 to 0.5)
Hispanic	0.51 (0.50 to 0.52)	0.55 (0.53 to 0.57)	0.57 (0.56 to 0.58)	0.58 (0.55 to 0.60)	0.72 (0.7 to 0.74)	0.78 (0.74 to 0.82)	0.72 (0.70 to 0.74)
Dialysis discontinuation (Medicare A/B, 25.5% of 818,953/HMO, 28.8% of 124,246)
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Minority	0.44 (0.43 to 0.44)	0.49 (0.48 to 0.50)	0.50 (0.49 to 0.50)	0.52 (0.50 to 0.53)	0.58 (0.57 to 0.59)	0.63 (0.61 to 0.64)	0.58 (0.57 to 0.59)
Non-Hispanic black	0.40 (0.39 to 0.40)	0.44 (0.42 to 0.45)	0.46 (0.45 to 0.47)	0.46 (0.45 to 0.48)	0.53 (0.52 to 0.53)	0.54 (0.52 to 0.56)	0.52 (0.52 to 0.53)
Non-Hispanic Native American	0.66 (0.63 to 0.69)	0.67 (0.51 to 0.87)b	0.80 (0.76 to 0.84)	0.77 (0.59 to 1.01)c	0.77 (0.73 to 0.81)	0.77 (0.59 to 1.00)c	0.77 (0.73 to 0.81)
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.47 (0.45 to 0.49)	0.59 (0.55 to 0.62)	0.47 (0.46 to 0.49)	0.60 (0.56 to 0.64)	0.55 (0.53 to 0.57)	0.64 (0.60 to 0.68)	0.55 (0.53 to 0.57)
Hispanic	0.51 (0.50 to 0.51)	0.53 (0.51 to 0.56)	0.57 (0.56 to 0.58)	0.57 (0.55 to 0.59)	0.72 (0.70 to 0.73)	0.78 (0.74 to 0.81)	0.72 (0.7 to 0.73)
Hospice (Medicare A/B, 14.5% of 818,953/HMO, 20.1% of 124,246)
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Minority	0.52 (0.52 to 0.53)	0.59 (0.57 to 0.61)	0.57 (0.56 to 0.58)	0.59 (0.57 to 0.60)	0.63 (0.62 to 0.64)	0.68 (0.66 to 0.70)	0.63 (0.62 to 0.64)
Non-Hispanic black	0.48 (0.47 to 0.49)	0.54 (0.52 to 0.56)	0.54 (0.53 to 0.55)	0.54 (0.52 to 0.56)	0.59 (0.58 to 0.60)	0.59 (0.57 to 0.62)	0.59 (0.58 to 0.6)
Non-Hispanic Native American	0.58 (0.54 to 0.62)	0.86 (0.65 to 1.14)c	0.67 (0.62 to 0.71)	0.98 (0.73 to 1.31)c	0.69 (0.64 to 0.74)	0.98 (0.73 to 1.33)c	0.69 (0.64 to 0.74)
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.55 (0.52 to 0.57)	0.55 (0.51 to 0.60)	0.50 (0.47 to 0.52)	0.57 (0.53 to 0.62)	0.54 (0.51 to 0.56)	0.58 (0.54 to 0.63)	0.54 (0.51 to 0.56)
Hispanic	0.62 (0.61 to 0.64)	0.67 (0.64 to 0.70)	0.66 (0.64 to 0.67)	0.66 (0.63 to 0.68)	0.78 (0.76 to 0.80)	0.88 (0.84 to 0.92)	0.78 (0.76 to 0.8)
Nonhospital death (Medicare A/B, 41.3% of 818,953/HMO, 45.9% of 124,246)
Non-Hispanic white	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Minority	0.60 (0.59 to 0.61)	0.64 (0.63 to 0.66)	0.63 (0.63 to 0.64)	0.65 (0.64 to 0.67)	0.70 (0.69 to 0.70)	0.71 (0.69 to 0.73)	0.68 (0.67 to 0.69)
Non-Hispanic black	0.58 (0.58 to 0.59)	0.61 (0.59 to 0.63)	0.62 (0.62 to 0.63)	0.63 (0.61 to 0.64)	0.68 (0.68 to 0.69)	0.67 (0.65 to 0.69)	0.67 (0.66 to 0.67)
Non-Hispanic Native American	0.78 (0.75 to 0.82)	0.68 (0.54 to 0.85)b	0.85 (0.81 to 0.88)	0.73 (0.58 to 0.92)b	0.82 (0.79 to 0.86)	0.72 (0.57 to 0.92)b	0.80 (0.77 to 0.84)
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.59 (0.58 to 0.61)	0.66 (0.62 to 0.7)	0.58 (0.56 to 0.60)	0.67 (0.64 to 0.71)	0.64 (0.62 to 0.66)	0.68 (0.64 to 0.72)	0.63 (0.61 to 0.65)
Hispanic	0.62 (0.61 to 0.63)	0.68 (0.65 to 0.7)	0.65 (0.64 to 0.66)	0.69 (0.66 to 0.71)	0.73 (0.72 to 0.74)	0.81 (0.78 to 0.84)	0.73 (0.71 to 0.74)

Parameter estimates are odds ratios from logistic regression models (with 95% CIs in parentheses). P values versus white <0.001 for all odds ratios. Model 1: no adjustment; model 2: adjustment for age and sex; model 3: model 2 plus adjustment for era, Gini index of county-level income dispersion, rural-urban continuum code, type of kidney disease, years of RRT, mode of dialysis, prior transplant, type of insurance, and dialysis unit characteristics; model 4 (population with Medicare parts A and B): model 3 plus adjustment for number of conditions in the last 28 d of life. HMO, health maintenance organization.

^aXXX.

^bXXX.

^cNS.