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Nonlinear association of pulse pressure with all-cause mortality. Univariate association of pulse pressure with all-cause mortality in (A) Kaplan–Meier analysis, (B) nonlinear Cox regression analysis using penalized smoothing splines, and proportional hazard models for the (C) AF or HF group and (D) no AF or HF group. HF, heart failure; PP, pulse pressure; Q, quartile.
