Figure 1.

Patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) are affected by massive Randall plaque. (A–D) Computed tomography (CT) scans showed papilla calcifications in patients with PXE who have been previously affected by kidney stones (arrows; representative CT scans from three individuals). Among six patients with PXE who underwent CT scans, five had several papillary calcifications in both right and left kidneys (C shows the number of calcified papilla in each individual). (E) One patient with PXE was affected by moderate and atypical nephrocalcinosis (cortical calcifications; arrows). (F) Monohydrate calcium oxalate stone (brown crystalline phase) from a patient with PXE with evidence of papilla umbilication and Randall plaque fragments (white crystalline phase; arrow).