Fig. 2. (a) Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model: emitter and photon strongly couple to form hybridized states termed lower and upper polaritons (LP and UP, respectively) separated in energy by 2ℏgs. (b) Tavis–Cummings (TC) model: N emitters interact strongly with a photon to yield polariton (LP, UP) and N – 1 dark states. The latter do not couple to light and thus maintain the original emitter energy.
