Table A1.
Associations between maternal characteristics and concentrations of human milk adipokines.
| Maternal Predictor | 2 Months | 5 Months | 9 Months | 12 Months | p-Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Predictor | Infant Age (Months) | Interaction | |
| Whole milk leptin (ng/mL) | |||||||||||
| BMI d (kg/m2) | 0.35 (0.09) a | 0.006 (0.003) | 0.33 (0.08) | 0.006 (0.003) | 0.41 (0.08) | 0.006 (0.003) | 0.39 (0.08) | 0.006 (0.003) | 0.045 b | 0.17 | 0.15 c |
| Weight (kg) | 0.35 (0.08) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.33 (0.07) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.42 (0.07) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.39 (0.07) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.023 | 0.18 | 0.44 |
| FM d (kg) | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.40 (0.05) | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.46 (0.04) | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.024 | 0.16 | 0.45 |
| FFM d (kg) | 0.22 (0.08) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.041 | 0.23 | 0.46 |
| FMI d (kg/m2) | 0.42 (0.06) | 0.010 (0.005) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.010 (0.005) | 0.48 (0.05) | 0.010 (0.005) | 0.46 (0.05) | 0.010 (0.005) | 0.038 | 0.15 | 0.30 |
| Skim milk leptin (ng/mL) | |||||||||||
| Weight (kg) | −0.11 (0.11) | 0.006 (0.001) | 0.35 (0.09) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.23 (0.08) | −0.0002 (0.001) | 0.26 (0.08) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.44 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| FM (kg) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.008 (0.003) | 0.31 (0.05) | −0.002 (0.002) | 0.22 (0.05) | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.24 (0.05) | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.79 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| FFM (kg) | −0.39 (0.14) | 0.015 (0.003) | 0.36 (0.14) | −0.002 (0.003) | 0.23 (0.12) | −0.0004 (0.003) | 0.26 (0.12) | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.14 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
a Parameter estimate ± standard errors (SE); effects of predictors taken from linear mixed effects models that accounted for month after birth and an interaction between month after birth and predictor with a random effect per participant; if the interaction is not significant parameter estimates are taken from a model with no interaction. b,c Results are presented only for interactions or predictors with raw p-values < 0.05; after the false discovery rate adjustment, the interaction/predictor p-values were considered to be significant at <0.023 for whole milk leptin (none are significant), at <0.05 for whole milk adiponectin and calculated daily intakes of all adipokines (none are significant, not shown) and skim milk leptin (indicated by the bold text). d BMI—body mass index; FM—fat mass; FFM—fat-free mass; FMI—fat mass index.