Table A4.
Associations between human milk adipokines and breastfeeding parameters.
| Predictor (Concentration of Adipokine or Breastfeeding Parameter) | Between 2 and 5 Months | 9 Months | 12 Months | p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Predictor | Infant Age (Months) | Interaction | |
| Infant feeding frequency (feeds/24-h) d | |||||||||
| Whole milk adiponectin (ng/mL) | 8.02 (0.82) a | 0.010 (0.08) | 7.21 (2.36) | −0.23 (0.28) | 10.01 (1.90) | −0.63 (0.21) | 0.53 b | <0.001 | 0.009 c |
| Infant 24-h milk intake (g) d | |||||||||
| Whole milk adiponectin (ng/mL) | 645 (80.40) | 17.8 (6.83) | 244 (210) | 31.5 (24.50) | 1120 (161) | −75.3 (16.80) | 0.18 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CDI of whole milk leptin (ng) d | |||||||||
| Feeding frequency (24-h MP) f | 1.77 (129.0) | 45.0 (15.40) | 13.50 (92.60) | 45.0 (15.40) | 13.60 (80.10) | 45.0 (15.40) | 0.004 | 0.98 | 0.74 |
a Parameter estimate ± SE; effects of predictors taken from linear mixed effects models that accounted for month after birth and an interaction between month after birth and predictor with a random effect per participant; if the interaction is not significant parameter estimates are taken from a model with no interaction. b,c Results are presented only for interactions or predictors with raw p-values < 0.05; after the false discovery rate adjustment, the interaction/predictor p-values were considered to be significant at <0.05 for all three adipokines (indicated by the bold text; none are significant for skim milk leptin). d 24-h milk intake and feeding frequency as meals per 24-h were measured at 24-h milk production (MP) and CDI calculated between 2 and 5 months (n = 17) and within 2 weeks of 9 (n = 8) and 12 months (n = 8).