Table A5.
Associations between calculated daily intakes of whole human milk leptin at given time points and infant body composition changes between the time points.
| Changes in Infant Characteristic | Months after Birth | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 and 2 | 9 and 2 | 12 and 2 | 9 and 5 | 12 and 5 | 12 and 9 | |
| Calculated daily intake of whole milk leptin (ng) between 2 and 5 months e | ||||||
| ΔLength (cm) | 0.003 (0.031) a 0.29 b,c |
0.008 (0.003)
0.022 |
0.003 (0.005) 0.57 |
−0.0002 (0.002) 0.93 |
−0.002 (0.003) 0.57 |
−0.001 (0.003) 0.75 |
| Calculated daily intake of whole milk leptin (ng) at 9 months e | ||||||
| ΔLength (cm) | n/a f | −0.014 (0.022) 0.60 |
0.041 (0.004)
0.007 |
−0.005 (0.011) 0.65 |
0.005 (0.011) 0.67 |
0.01 (0.012) 0.45 |
| Calculated daily intake of whole milk leptin (ng) at 12 months e | ||||||
| ΔBMI d (kg/m2) | n/a f | n/a f | 0.002 (0.01)0.86 | n/a f | −0.008 (0.006) 0.22 |
−0.007 (0.002) 0.019 |
| ΔFat-free mass index US 2SF (kg/m2) | n/a | n/a | −0.011 (0.009) 0.34 |
n/a |
−0.012 (0.004)
0.040 |
−0.005 (0.003) 0.12 |
| ΔFat-free mass index US 4SF (kg/m2) | n/a | n/a | −0.011 (0.011) 0.39 |
n/a |
−0.012 (0.002)
0.007 |
−0.007 (0.004) 0.13 |
| ΔFat mass US 2SF (kg) | n/a | n/a |
0.005 (0.0003)
0.0006 *** |
n/a | 0.002 (0.002) 0.22 |
0.0001 (0.0009) 0.89 |
| ΔFat mass US BIS (kg) | n/a | n/a |
0.005 (0.001)
0.046 |
n/a | −0.001 (0.002) 0.66 |
−0.0003 (0.002) 0.90 |
| ΔFat mass index US 2SF (kg/m2) | n/a | n/a |
0.012 (0.002)
0.018 |
n/a | 0.004 (0.004) 0.35 |
−0.002 (0.002) 0.43 |
| ΔFat mass US 2SF (%) | n/a | n/a |
0.073 (0.004)
0.0004 *** |
n/a | 0.024 (0.017) 0.20 |
−0.002 (0.013) 0.90 |
| ΔFat mass BIS (%) | n/a | n/a |
0.065 (0.015)
0.049 |
n/a | −0.01 (0.021) 0.66 |
−0.006 (0.028) 0.84 |
a Parameter estimates ± SE and b p-values for associations between calculated daily intakes (CDI) of whole milk leptin at given time points and the changes (Δ) in measured variables between different months after birth. c Results are presented only for variables with at least one significant raw p-value (p <0.05, indicated by the bold text); after the false discovery rate adjustment, the predictor p-values were considered to be significant at <0.022 for CDI of whole leptin between 2 and 5 months (none are significant), at <0.007 for CDI at 9 months (none are significant), and at <0.007 for CDI at 12 months (indicated by the bold text and ***). d BIS—bioimpedance spectroscopy; BMI—body mass index; US 2SF—ultrasound 2-skinfolds; US 4SF—ultrasound 4-skinfolds. e CDI were measured between 2 and 5 months (n = 17) and within 2 weeks of 9 (n = 8) and 12 months (n = 8). f Results are not presented for impractical time combinations, n/a—not applicable.