Table 1.

Comparisons of gut microbiome of magpie and great spotted cuckoo nestlings and of great spotted cuckoo adults in terms of bacterial richness, α-diversity, composition (weighed and unweighed unifrac β-diversity) and abundance and prevalence of bacterial families.

VARIABLE CONSIDERED	TYPE OF SAMPLE			COMPARISONS
	(A)	(B)	(C)	ANOVA		POST-HOC (Tukey tests)
	Adult cuckoos	Nestling cuckoos	Nestling magpies
	(N = 6)	(N = 12)	(N = 7)			A vs. B	A vs. C	B vs. C
	Mean	Mean	Mean	F2,22	p	p	p	p
	(SE)	(SE)	(SE)	(SE)	(SE)
Bacterial Richness	73.8	123	52.29	14.42	0.0001	0.008	0.405	0.0003
	−12.1	−8.5	−11.2	−0.19	−0.000008
α-diversity (Shannon index)	3.92	4.45	2.66	6.5	0.006	0.585	0.106	0.005
	−0.43	−0.31	−0.4	−0.03	−0.00001
				PERMANOVA		POST-HOC (Pair-wise t-tests)
Microbiome composition				Pseudo-F (SE)	p (SE)	p (t-value)	p (t-value)	p (t-value)
Weighed unifrac β-diversity				4.35	0.00022	0.559	0.0002	0.0001 (2.63)
				−0.01	−0.00004	−0.85	−2.87
Unweighed unifrac β-diversity				5.37	0.0001	0.0002	0.0007	0.0001
				−0.07	−0.0001	−1.72	−2.47	−2.61
Abundance of Families (Bray−Curtis distance matrices)				5.33	0.00013	0.58	0.0008	0.002 (2.94)
				−0.03	−0.00002	−0.9	−3
Prevalence of Families (Jaccard distance matrices)				6.43	0.0001	0.0034	0.0006	0.0001 (2.86)
				−0.12	−0.00001	−1.62	−2.55

Bold fonts highlight statistically significant results (p < 0.05).