Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies for the association of dairy intake with acne in children, adolescents, and young adults.
| First Author | Year | Study Population | Design | Age, Year | Gender | Country | Total n | Acne n | Acne (%) | No Acne n | Milk Variables | Acne Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adebamowo [15] | 2005 | Population cohort (Nurses’ Health Study II) | Retrospective | 13–18 | F | USA | 46,879 | 3412 | 7.28 | 43,467 | Any milk, whole milk, low-fat milk, skim milk | Q |
| Adebamowo [17] | 2006 | Population cohort (GUTS)—offspring of women in the Nurses’ Health Study II | Follow-up | 9–15 | F | USA | 3756 | 2588 | 68.9 | 1168 | Any milk, whole milk, low-fat milk, skim milk | Q |
| Adebamowo [16] | 2008 | Population cohort (GUTS)—offspring of women in the Nurses’ Health Study II | Follow-up | 9–15 | M | USA | 2759 | 1856 | 67.3 | 903 | Any milk, whole milk, low-fat milk, skim milk | Q |
| Cerman [22] | 2016 | Acne patients and healthy controls | Case-control | 19 | F/M | Turkey | 86 | 50 | 58.1 | 36 | Any milk | D |
| Duquia [46] | 2017 | Acne patients vs. healthy controls in the army | Cross-sectional | 18 | M | Brasil | 2201 | 1960 | 89.1 | 241 | Whole milk, low-fat milk, cheese, yogurt | P |
| Grossi [23] | 2016 | Acne patients and non-acne dermatology patient controls | Case-control | 10–24 | F/M | Italy | 563 | 205 | 36.4 | 358 | Any milk, whole milk, skim milk, cheese/yogurt combined | D |
| Ismail [18] | 2012 | Acne patients and healthy controls | Case-control | 18–30 | F/M | Malaysia | 88 | 44 | 50 | 44 | Any milk, yogurt, cheese | D |
| Karadag [26] | 2017 | Acne patients and non-acne dermatology patient controls | Case-control | 21 | M | Turkey | 4595 | 3836 | 83.5 | 759 | Milk/cheese combined | D |
| Jung [24] | 2010 | Acne patients and age-matched healthy controls | Case-control | 24 | F/M | South Korea | 1285 | 783 | 60.9 | 502 | Cheese | D |
| Okoro [21] | 2016 | Population cohort | Cross-sectional | 11–30 | F/M | Nigeria | 450 | 292 | 64.9 | 158 | Any milk | D |
| Park [47] | 2015 | Population cohort | Cross-sectional | 7–12 | F/M | South Korea | 693 | 251 | 36.2 | 442 | Any milk, cheese, yogurt | D |
| Ulvestad [25] | 2016 | Population cohort | Follow-up | 15–19 | F/M | Norway | 2387 | 331 | 13.9 | 2056 | Any milk, full-fat milk | Q |
| Wolkenstein [20] | 2015 | Population cohort | Cross-sectional | 15–24 | F/M | France | 2266 | 1375 | 60.7 | 891 | Any milk | Q |
| Wolkenstein [27] | 2017 | Population cohort | Cross-sectional | 15–24 | F/M | Europe * | 10521 | 6063 | 57.6 | 4458 | Whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, low-fat milk, dairy | Q |
Age: mean or range. Q: Questionnaire. D: Dermatologist verified. GUTS: Growing Up Today Study. P: Physician verified. USA: United States of America. * 7 countries: Belgium, Czech and Slovak Republics, France, Italy, Poland, and Spain.