Table 2.

Bioactive compounds from natural products that induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer.

Family Name	Compound	Cell Line	Duration/Dosage	Mechanism	Reference
Eupenicillium brefeldianum	Brefeldin A	MDA-MB-231	1 μg/mL, 24 h	IRE1α ↑, PERK ↑, CHOP ↑, calnexin ↓	[116]
				BIM ↑, cleavage of PARP ↑, Bcl-2 ↓,
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	Cryptotanshinone	MCF7	10 µM, 24 h	p-eIF2α ↑, GRP94 ↑, GRP78 ↑, CHOP ↑	[117]
				cleavage of PARP ↑, cleavage of caspase3 ↓
				ROS ↑
Androsace umbellata	Saxifragifolin	MDA-MB-231	5 µM, 24 h	IRE1α ↑, calnexin ↑, calpain ↑, XBP1 ↑, CHOP ↑, GRP78/BiP ↑,	[118]
				cleavage of PARP ↑, cleavage of caspase-3,-9 ↑, Bax ↑, cytochrome C ↑, p-JNK ↑
				ROS ↑
		MCF7	5 µM, 24 h	IRE1α ↑, Calnexin ↑, calpain ↑, XBP-1 ↑, GRP78/BiP ↑, CHOP ↑
				cytochrome c ↑
Serratia marcescens.	Prodigiosin	MCF7 MDA-MB-231T-47D	100 µM, 24 h	GRP78 ↑, CHOP ↑, p-IRE1 ↑, IRE1 ↑, p-eIF2a ↑, eIF2a ↑, ATF6 ↑	[119]
				cleavage of PARP ↑, p-JNK ↑, JNK ↑, BCL-2 ↓
Fucus vesiculosus	Fucoidan	MDA-MB-231	100 μg/mL, 72 h	CHOP ↑, ATF4 ↑, p-eIF2α ↑, GRP78/BiP ↓, p-IRE1 ↓, XBP1 ↓	[120]
				Bax ↑, CaMK II ↑, cleavage of caspase-3,-12 ↑, cleavage of PARP ↑
	γ-tocotrienol	MDA-MB-231	40 µM, 16 h	CHOP ↑, ATF4 ↑, GRP78/BiP ↑, XBP1 ↑	[101]
				cleavage of PARP ↑, cleavage of caspase-3,-8,-9 ↑, DR5 ↑, JNK ↑, p-JNK, C-Jun ↑, p38 MAPK ↑
		MCF-7	40 µM, 16 h	CHOP ↑, GRP78/BiP ↑, XBP1 ↑
				cleavage of PARP ↑, cleavage of caspase-8,-9 ↑, JNK ↑, p-JNK ↑, C-Jun ↑, DR5 ↑, p38 MAPK ↑
Brazilian Red propolis	Ethanol extract of Brazilian Red propolis	MCF-7	20 μg/mL, 24 h	CHOP ↑	[121]
				cleavage of caspase-3 ↑, Bax ↑, BcL-xL ↓, BcL-2 ↓
Ampelopsis grossedentata	Ampelopsin	MCF-7 MDA-MB-231	60 µM, 24 h	GRP78/BiP ↑, p-PERK ↑, p-eIF2α ↑, ATF6 ↑, CHOP ↑	[122]
				ROS ↑

Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM); death receptor (DR5).