Table 3.
RCTs investigating antioxidant cocktails in cardiac surgery.
| Author and Year | N | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barta 1991 [172] | 20 | Preop: 2000 IU Vit E: 12 h before surgery; 2 g vitamin C in the morning on the day of surgery | Inhibition of the decrease of catalase Lower lipid oxidation and lysosomal enzymes in intervention group |
| Westhuyzen 1997 [175] | 76 | Preoperative (7–10 days): 1 g vitamin C and 750 IU Vit E | Supplementation of the vitamins prevented depletion, but provided no clinical advantage |
| Angdin 2003 [173] | 22 | Preop: 900 mg Vit E for 10–14 days plus 1 × 2 g vitamin C and 600 mg allopurinol the evening before surgery, and acetylcysteine during surgery | Reduction of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in the group treated with ntioxidants |
| Castillo 2011 [176] | 95 | Preop: for 7 days n-3 PUFA 2 g/day Plus, for 2 days preop until discharge vitamin C 1 g/day and Vit E 400 IU/day |
Decrease in oxidative stress-related biomarkers in atrial tissue |
| Gunes 2012 [174] | 59 | Preop: vitamin C 500 mg and Vit E 300 mg Postop: vitamin C 500 mg/day and Vit E 300 mg/day for 4 days | Significant reduction of CRP |
| Rodrigo 2013 [177] | 203 | Preop: 1 g/day vitamin C plus PUFA and Vit E for 2 days preop until discharge | Decrease in oxidative stress-related biomarkers in atrial tissue |
| Stanger 2014 [178] | 75 | 4 subgroups: control, vitamins, n-3 PUFAs, and a combination of vitamins and n-3 PUFAs | Attenuation of postop oxidative stress, Oxidative stress associated with consumption of antioxidants and onset of AF |
| Vitamin group: 500 mg vitamin C + 45 IE Vit E 30 min before reperfusion, postop and 120 min after reperfusion | |||
| Rezk 2017 [87] | 100 | 3 days preoperatively | Significantly lower incidence in vitamin C group, ICU-LOS, need for inotropes and mechanical ventilation |
| Group 1: β-blocker: 5 mg bisoprolol and 2 g/day vitamin C | |||
| Group 2: β-blocker only |
Vit E = vitamin E.