Table 2.

Genes important in mouse models of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer.

Mouse Allele	Gene Name and Mouse Ref	Effect of Cre Recombination	Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer Implications and Ref.
Arid1af/f	AT-rich interactive domain 1A	ARID1A loss	46–95% of clear-cell and 30% of endometrioid tumors have loss of ARID1A [30,43,44,45]
Apcf/f	Adenomatous polyposis coli	Overexpression of β-catenin	Mutations in APC lead to activation of β-catenin which is frequently activated in endometrioisis-associated ovarian cancers [149]
Ctnnb1f/f	Catenin beta-1	Overexpression of β-catenin	16–54% of endometriod ovarian cancers have mutations in β-catenin, leading to nuclear localization, and activation of wingless integration site (WNT) signaling [150,151,152,153]
Kraslsl-G12D	Kirsten rat sarcoma	Expression of oncogenic Kras	29% of low-grade endometrioid ovarian tumors with concurrent endometriosis [33]
MUC1+/−	Mucin 1	Expression human MUC1 in mouse	Expressed in endometrium and endometriosis; potential biomarker for endometriosis or ovarian cancer [154]
Pik3caH1047R	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Mutation in Pik3ca kinase domain	20% of clear-cell and 20% of endometrioid ovarian cancers with mutations [155]
Ptenf/f	Phosphatase and tensin homolog	PTEN loss and activation of AKT	20% of clear-cell and 20% of endometrioid cancers [156]