Table 2.
Effects of luteolin-enriched artichoke extract and luteolin supplementation on the plasma lipid levels in C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet.
| ND | HFD | AR | LU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFA (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.02 c | 0.98 ± 0.02 a | 1.07 ± 0.03 b |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.94 ± 0.06 ** | 1.20 ± 0.05 b | 1.00 ± 0.04 a | 1.13 ± 0.02 ab |
| TC (mmol/L) | 6.28 ± 0.22 *** | 8.70 ± 0.32 b | 6.90 ± 0.44 a | 8.07 ± 0.58 ab |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.64 ± 0.06 ** | 1.98 ± 0.09 | 1.81 ± 0.16 | 1.99 ± 0.11 |
| Non HDL-C (mmol/L) | 4.64 ± 0.17 *** | 6.72 ± 0.29 b | 5.09 ± 0.30 a | 6.08 ± 0.51 ab |
| HTR | 26.20 ± 0.55 ** | 22.87 ± 0.93 | 26.08 ± 0.97 | 24.91 ± 1.39 |
| AI | 2.83 ± 0.08 * | 3.41 ± 0.19 | 2.86 ± 0.14 | 3.06 ± 0.22 |
| ApoA-I (mg/dL) | 18.64 ± 0.22 * | 17.74 ± 0.20 ab | 18.20 ± 0.16 b | 17.47 ± 0.29 a |
| ApoB100 (mg/dL) | 7.50 ± 0.55 | 10.12 ± 1.30 | 7.51 ± 0.97 | 8.15 ± 1.27 |
| ApoA-I/ApoB100 | 2.57 ± 0.20 | 1.90 ± 0.20 | 2.76 ± 0.48 | 2.30 ± 0.34 |
Data are the mean ± SEM. Significant differences between the HFD and ND groups are indicated: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. There was a significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups based on the HFD (HFD, AR, and LU) in the same line with different superscript letters (a, b, c). ND, normal diet (AIN-76), HFD, high-fat diet (20% fat, 1% cholesterol), AR, HFD + 0.005% luteolin-enriched artichoke, LU, HFD + 0.005% luteolin, non HDL-C = (TC) − (HDL-C), AI, atherogenic index = [(TC) − (HDL-C)]/(HDL-C); HTR = ratio of HDL-C to TC. TC, total cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.