Table 2.
Mean micronutrient intakes at breakfast and for the total day in the total population and by age group.
| Total Population (n = 8174) | Children 5–12 years (n = 1947) | Adolescents 13–18 years (n = 1534) | Adults 19–64 years (n = 3619) | Older Adults 65+ Years (n = 1074) | p Value * | p Value ** | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | Breakfast Intake | Daily Intake | |||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Vitamin A (µg) | 100 | 201 | 826 | 844 | 99 | 126 | 627 | 445 | 92 | 212 | 650 | 502 | 102 | 228 | 907 | 872 | 107 | 194 | 1166 | 1374 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.6 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg) | 6 | 4 | 32 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 28 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 33 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 35 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 31 | 10 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.8 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 4.5 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 18 | 24 | 80 | 54 | 22 | 22 | 84 | 49 | 19 | 26 | 78 | 55 | 17 | 25 | 79 | 58 | 17 | 22 | 77 | 48 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.003 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 1.4 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 7.4 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 0.005 | ˂0.001 |
| Folate (µg) | 64 | 46 | 227 | 94 | 69 | 39 | 196 | 68 | 65 | 49 | 210 | 86 | 62 | 48 | 246 | 102 | 66 | 47 | 245 | 94 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 229 | 138 | 801 | 307 | 258 | 139 | 808 | 283 | 218 | 145 | 784 | 337 | 217 | 135 | 802 | 310 | 232 | 129 | 811 | 292 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Iodine (µg) | 41 | 30 | 151 | 78 | 45 | 30 | 136 | 64 | 36 | 31 | 127 | 76 | 41 | 28 | 160 | 79 | 46 | 29 | 180 | 86 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Iron (mg) | 2.7 | 1.8 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 8.8 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 9.6 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 9.9 | 3.3 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Potassium (mg) | 506 | 283 | 2534 | 808 | 491 | 223 | 2194 | 546 | 435 | 257 | 2345 | 755 | 525 | 310 | 2742 | 867 | 573 | 301 | 2719 | 801 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 51 | 31 | 227 | 79 | 48 | 22 | 195 | 50 | 44 | 26 | 211 | 69 | 54 | 34 | 250 | 88 | 60 | 32 | 236 | 77 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Sodium (mg) | 388 | 316 | 2107 | 756 | 357 | 219 | 1895 | 551 | 420 | 343 | 2232 | 778 | 396 | 350 | 2199 | 822 | 368 | 294 | 2002 | 719 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Zinc (mg) | 1.4 | 0.9 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 8.3 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 8.1 | 2.6 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
p * adjusted for energy intake at breakfast (ANCOVA) p ** adjusted for daily energy intake (ANCOVA). Micronutrient values were square root transformed for normalisation purposes prior to analysis; data shown as absolute values. p < 0.05 is considered significant.