Table 4.
Mean (SD) intake of micronutrients at breakfast across tertiles of NRF 9.3 score by age group.
| Children (5–17 years) (n = 3283) | Adults (18+ Years) (n = 4891) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 1094) | T2 (n = 1095) | T3 (n = 1094) | T1 (n = 1630) | T2 (n = 1631) | T3 (n = 1630) | |||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p Value * | p Value ** | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p Value * | p Value ** | |
| Vitamin A (µg) | 90 | 143 | 96 | 136 | 107 | 227 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 98 | 135 | 109 | 192 | 97 | 293 | ˂0.001 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg) | 6 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 18 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 22 | 24 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 11 | 18 | 16 | 24 | 23 | 27 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.2 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.2 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Folate (µg) | 56 | 39 | 67 | 40 | 79 | 44 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 47 | 41 | 64 | 52 | 76 | 48 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 226 | 140 | 244 | 145 | 260 | 142 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 201 | 135 | 224 | 137 | 232 | 128 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Iodine (µg) | 35 | 28 | 41 | 29 | 48 | 34 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 36 | 27 | 42 | 29 | 46 | 29 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Iron (mg) | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 1.8 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 1.8 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Potassium (mg) | 419 | 231 | 470 | 230 | 523 | 243 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 420 | 249 | 535 | 308 | 637 | 322 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 41 | 22 | 46 | 23 | 53 | 26 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 41 | 25 | 54 | 32 | 68 | 38 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Sodium (mg) | 420 | 338 | 378 | 263 | 356 | 219 | ˂0.001 | 0.001 | 424 | 398 | 409 | 334 | 337 | 262 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
| Zinc (mg) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
Tertile 1: Low DQ; Tertile 2: Medium DQ; Tertile 3: High DQ. p * unadjusted (ANOVA). p ** adjusted for National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (housing, employment, education) (ANCOVA). Nutrients were square root transformed for normalization purposes prior to analysis, data shown as absolute values. p < 0.05 is considered significant.