Table 5.
Children and Adolescents (5–17) years (n = 3283) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 1094) | T2 (n = 1095) | T3 (n = 1094) | |||||||||
Mean | SD | % Consumers | Mean | SD | % Consumers | Mean | SD | % Consumers | p Value * | p Value ** | |
Tea coffee and water (mL) | 146.9 | 165 | 57 | 152 | 168 | 61 | 163.5 | 174 | 66 | 0.323 | 0.541 |
Semi skimmed milk (mL) | 74.4 | 95 | 54 | 90.2 | 96 | 64 | 104.2 | 102 | 66 | ˂0.001 | ˂0.001 |
Sugar preserves and sweet spreads (g) | 6.6 | 10 | 46 | 6.4 | 11 | 46 | 5.4 | 10 | 43 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
High-fibre breakfast cereals (g) | 13.7 | 30 | 31 | 22 | 36 | 46 | 28.2 | 38 | 57 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
White bread (g) | 30.7 | 36 | 53 | 25.2 | 32 | 47 | 22.4 | 33 | 40 | 0.020 | 0.036 |
Fruit (g) | 23.6 | 54 | 23 | 42 | 61 | 42 | 54.7 | 63 | 53 | 0.327 | 0.331 |
Other breakfast cereals (g) | 15.9 | 21 | 45 | 16.5 | 20 | 49 | 17.3 | 21 | 51 | 0.225 | 0.385 |
Reduced fat spread (g) | 3.5 | 6 | 28 | 4 | 7 | 34 | 4 | 7 | 34 | 0.207 | 0.531 |
Fruit juice (mL) | 60.8 | 110 | 28 | 69.3 | 105 | 35 | 58.6 | 97 | 32 | 0.016 | 0.025 |
Biscuits (g) | 9.2 | 19 | 27 | 8.1 | 16 | 27 | 6.4 | 14 | 23 | 0.006 | 0.008 |
Whole milk (mL) | 40.3 | 83 | 26 | 40.3 | 83 | 25 | 41.5 | 83 | 25 | 0.237 | 0.279 |
Eggs and egg dishes (g) | 8.5 | 27 | 12 | 12 | 32 | 16 | 13 | 33 | 17 | 0.561 | 0.513 |
Miscellaneous (g) | 4.3 | 18 | 19 | 3.3 | 18 | 16 | 3.6 | 24 | 17 | 0.003 | 0.006 |
Butter (g) | 2.7 | 7 | 18 | 2.1 | 6 | 16 | 1.5 | 5 | 12 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Bacon and ham (g) | 9.0 | 22 | 18 | 6.1 | 17 | 14 | 4.5 | 15 | 10 | 0.152 | 0.265 |
Brown granary and wheatgerm bread (g) | 5.6 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 22 | 15 | 9.4 | 23 | 17 | 0.172 | 0.236 |
Buns, cakes, pastries & fruit pies (g) | 11.2 | 28 | 17 | 14 | 33 | 21 | 7.9 | 22 | 14 | 0.023 | 0.036 |
Wholemeal bread (g) | 3.1 | 15 | 5 | 4.7 | 16 | 10 | 7.9 | 20 | 16 | 0.002 | 0.005 |
Soft drinks not low calorie (mL) | 105.9 | 166 | 36 | 49.1 | 115 | 19 | 26.1 | 86 | 11 | ˂0.001 | 0.001 |
Soft drinks low calorie (mL) | 53.4 | 114 | 21 | 59.4 | 122 | 23 | 61 | 123 | 24 | 0.923 | 0.602 |
Tertile 1: Low DQ; Tertile 2: Medium DQ; Tertile 3: High DQ. p * unadjusted (ANOVA). p ** adjusted for National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (housing, employment, education) (ANCOVA). Food groups were Log10 transformed for normalization purposes prior to analysis, data shown as absolute values. No statistical tests were carried out for % of consumers. p < 0.05 is considered significant.