Table 3.
Characteristics of each group after two weeks of run in (women = 64, men = 21).
| Characteristic/Parameter | NatPO (Women = 21, Men = 7) |
IEPalm (Women = 22, Men = 7) |
IEStear (Women = 21, Men = 7) |
Normal Range | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 31.3 | 5.4 | 37.1 | 9.8 | 34.8 | 8.7 | NA |
| Height (cm) | 157.6 | 6.3 | 158.8 | 9.7 | 159.2 | 6.5 | NA |
| Weight (kg) | 66.1 | 8.1 | 65.9 | 11.2 | 65.8 | 9.2 | NA |
| Waist (cm) | 83.1 | 8.3 | 81.6 | 8.9 | 84.4 | 7.9 | Women <80, Men <90 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 2.2 | 26.0 | 2.7 | 17.5 to 22.9 |
| Visceral fat level * | 8 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 0–9 |
| Body fat composition (%) | 32.5 | 4.4 | 32.9 | 5.1 | 32.5 | 4.3 | Women <30, Men <20 |
| BMR (kcal) | 1351 | 149 | 1330 | 204 | 1346 | 146 | NA |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 113.3 | 11.1 | 116.2 | 10.9 | 113.2 | 12.1 | <120 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 73.1 | 8.1 | 75.0 | 7.6 | 73.8 | 7.6 | <80 |
| Serum TC (mmol/L) | 4.95 | 0.64 | 5.07 | 0.85 | 4.96 | 0.83 | <5.2 |
| Serum HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.39 | 0.27 | 1.41 | 0.28 | 1.36 | 0.26 | >1.0 |
| Serum LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.98 | 0.60 | 3.12 | 0.70 | 3.09 | 0.75 | <2.6 |
| Serum TAG (mmol/L) | 1.28 | 0.85 | 1.20 | 0.60 | 1.13 | 0.56 | <1.7 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.95 | 0.45 | 4.95 | 0.55 | 4.94 | 0.36 | 3.9–5.5 |
| Fasting serum insulin (mU/L) | 10.7 | 6.4 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 10.5 | 6.5 | <25 |
| Fasting serum C-peptide (μg/L) | 1.67 | 0.64 | 1.66 | 0.73 | 1.66 | 0.59 | 0.5–2.0 |
BMI, Body mass index; BMR, basal metabolic rate; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerol. * Visceral fat level classification: 1–9 as normal, 10–14 as high, 15–30 as very high (OMRON healthcare figures).