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. 2018 Aug 6;7(8):95. doi: 10.3390/cells7080095

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Cytotoxic effects of human amylin oligomers. Human amylin oligomers permeate and disrupt the plasma membrane and induce damage to mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Autophagy can remove damaged mitochondria and the ER. However, human amylin oligomers inhibit autophagy.