Table 2.
Reporting practice in moderate (>1 day to 6 weeks) and long (>6 weeks) duration whole grain intervention trials in humans.
| Reporting Criteria | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Reporting of dose | |
| Amount of grain | 52 (55) |
| Amount of food/product | 34 (36) |
| Not reported 1 | 9 (9) |
| Reported a definition of whole grain | |
| Referenced established definition 2 | 10 (12) |
| Described WG or WG food | 12 (14) |
| Not reported | 61 (73) |
| Reported distribution of grain types 3 | 18 (46) |
| Control | |
| Refined grain | 69 (70) |
| Usual diet | 7 (7) |
| Other 4 | 22 (22) |
| Adherence 5 | |
| Questionnaires/Records | 69 (73) |
| Food weighing or observation | 14 (15) |
| Biomarkers | 26 (22) |
| Not reported | 19 (20) |
1 Either no dose reported (n = 6) or the dose was not clearly reported as amount of grain versus amount of food (n = 3); 2 Among studies published after 1999 (n = 83), the year of the first published definition by AACCI; AACCI 1999 (n = 2), AACCI 2005 (n = 1), AACCI 2013 (n = 2); Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) 2005 (n = 1), DGA 2010 (n = 1); HealthGrain Forum 2014 (n = 4); Proceedings of Nutrition Society 2006 (n = 1); note that two publications referenced more than one established definition; 3 Among interventions that provided a variety of WGs simultaneously n = 39; 4 Other controls included bran (n = 4), sucrose (n = 1), unspecified low-fiber cereal (n = 1), “placebo” (n = 1), standard dietary advice for Type 2 Diabetes (n = 2), matched intervention without addition of WG (n = 6), cross-over of whole grain only (n = 4), or no control arm (n = 3); 5 Note that some studies used more than one category of adherence measure and therefore are counted in more than one category.