Table 1.
Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers.
| Malignancy | %EBV+ Cases | Latency | EBV Latent Genes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma | 100% | I | EBNA1, EBER1, EBER2, BARTs, miR-BARTs |
| Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma | 10–85% | ||
| HIV-associated Burkitt Lymphoma | 30–40% | ||
| T/NK cell lymphoma | 100% | II | EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2A, EBER1, EBER2, BARTs, miR-BARTs |
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 80–90% | ||
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (Nodular sclerosing) |
15–20% | ||
| HIV-associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | <90% | ||
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Pythorax lymphoma) |
100% | II/III | EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2A, EBER1, EBER2, BARTs, miR-BARTs and/or EBNA2, 3A, 3B, 3C, LP |
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (in Elderly patients) |
>50% | ||
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (late post-transplant) |
>50% | ||
| HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | 30% | ||
| Post-transplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder | 100% | III | EBNA 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, LP, LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBER1, EBER2, BARTs, miRNAs-BARTs, BHRF1 |
| HIV-associated B-lymphoproliferative disease | 100% | ||
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 98% | II | EBNA1, LMP1, LMP2A, EBER1, EBER2, BARTs, miR-BARTs, BARF1 |
| EBV-associated gastric cancer | 10% |
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA), Latent membrane proteins (LMP), Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs), BamH1-A fragment transcripts (BARTs), BamH1 fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1), BamH1 fragment A rightward open reading frame 1 (BARF1). Table adapted from Rickinson [85] and Yap & Lo [86].