Table 4.
Linear regression coefficients (95% CIs) between serum uric acid levels and sugar-sweetened soft drinks intake, fruit juice intake and total fructose. ELSA-Brasil, 2008–2010.
| Variable | n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
| Male (n = 3.325) | ||||
| Sugar-sweetened soft drinks (servings/day) | ||||
| 0 | 933 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| >0 to <0.1 | 666 | 0.15 (0.02–0.28) | 0.10 (−0.01–0.22) | 0.11 (0.00–0.23) |
| ≥0.1 to <1 | 1382 | 0.35 (0.24–0.46) | 0.27 (0.17–0.38) | 0.29 (0.18–0.39) |
| ≥1 | 344 | 0.39 (0.22–0.55) | 0.28 (0.13–0.44) | 0.30 (0.15–0.46) |
| p * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Fruit juice (servings/day) | ||||
| 0 | 2.506 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| >0 to <0.1 | 187 | −0.00 (−0.20–0.19) | −0.06 (−0.18–0.17) | 0.01 (−0.17–0.19) |
| ≥0.1 to <1 | 498 | 0.00 (−0.12–0.13) | 0.03 (−0.08–0.15) | 0.06 (−0.05–0.18) |
| ≥1 | 134 | 0.03 (−0.19–0.26) | 0.04 (−0.17–0.25) | 0.14 (0.06–0.35) |
| p * | 0.970 | 0.967 | 0.948 | |
| Total fructose (g/day) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (14 ± 4) | 805 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quartile 2 (25 ± 3) | 774 | −0.01 (−0.14–0.11) | −0.00 (−0.12–0.11) | 0.01 (−0.11–0.13) |
| Quartile 3 (36 ± 4) | 835 | −0.03 (−0.15–0.09) | 0.01 (−0.10–0.12) | 0.06 (−0.06–0.18) |
| Quartile 4 (60 ± 17) | 911 | 0.08 (−0.04–0.20) | 0.10 (−0.00–0.22) | 0.20 (0.05–0.32) |
| p * | 0.300 | 0.413 | 0.022 | |
| Female (n = 3.848) ** | ||||
| Sugar-sweetened soft drinks (servings/day) | ||||
| 0 | 1660 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| >0 to <0.1 | 1083 | 0.11 (0.03–0.19) | 0.08 (0.01–0.16) | 0.08 (0.00–0.15) |
| ≥0.1 to <1 | 947 | 0.19 (0.11–0.27) | 0.13 (0.05–0.21) | 0.12 (0.04–0.20) |
| ≥1 | 158 | 0.28 (0.12–0.45) | 0.16 (0.00–0.31) | 0.15 (0.00–0.31) |
| p * | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.013 | |
| Fruit juice (servings/day) | ||||
| 0 | 2747 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| >0 to <0.1 | 287 | −0.06 (−0.16–0.03) | −0.00 (−0.09–0.08) | −0.06 (−0.18–0.04) |
| ≥0.1 to <1 | 666 | −0.07 (0.14–0.00) | −0.03 (−0.10–0.03) | −0.07 (−0.15–0.00) |
| ≥1 | 148 | −0.05 (−0.16–0.05) | −0.02 (−0.13–0.07) | −0.04 (−0.190.11) |
| p * | 0.235 | 0.519 | 0.488 | |
| Total fructose (g/day) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (15 ± 4) | 988 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Quartile 2 (26 ± 3) | 1019 | 0.01 (−0.07–0.10) | 0.00 (−0.07–0.09) | 0.01 (−0.06–0.10) |
| Quartile 3 (35 ± 4) | 959 | 0.06 (−0.02–0.15) | 0.04 (−0.04–0.12) | 0.05 (−0.02–0.14) |
| Quartile 4 (60 ± 16) | 882 | 0.07 (−0.01–0.17) | 0.03 (−0.05–0.11) | 0.04 (−0.06–0.13) |
| p * | 0.873 | 0.806 | 0.667 | |
Portion = 250 mL/day. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; β = linear regression coefficient. Model 1: Adjusted for years, education and per capita income; Model 2: Adjusted for years, education, per capita income, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, glomerular filtration rate and waist circumference; Model 3: Adjusted for years, education, per capita income, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, glomerular filtration rate, waist circumference, total energy, meat intake, seafood intake, coffee intake, dairy food intake, daily intake of fruits, daily intake of vegetables, use of vitamin supplements, Vitamin C, and another beverages in the table; * p for linear trend. ** For women, model 3 was additionally adjusted for menopause and postmenopausal hormone use.