. 2018 Jul 27;10(8):985. doi: 10.3390/nu10080985

Table 5.

Mean food group intake at breakfast and proportions consuming food groups at breakfast by the daily Nutrient-Rich Foods Index 9.3 tertile among Canadian children/teens and adults ¹.

Children/Teens 6–17 Years (n = 3934)
Food Group ²	Mean Food Group Intake (Servings or kcal ³)			p⁴	Proportion Consuming Food Group (%)			p
Food Group ²	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p⁴	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p
Vegetables and Fruit	0.41 ± 0.0 ^L	0.61 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.04 ^H	0.006	28.4 ± 2.1 ^L	36.8 ± 2.1	39.3 ± 2.1 ^H	<0.001
Whole Fruit	0.13 ± 0.02 ^L	0.21 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	13.2 ± 1.5 ^L	18.1 ± 1.6	25.6 ± 2.0 ^H	<0.001
Fruit Juice	0.18 ± 0.02 ^L	0.33 ± 0.03 ^H	0.27 ± 0.03	<0.001	10.2 ± 1.3 ^L	17.5 ± 1.5 ^H	14.6 ± 1.5	0.002
Grain Products	1.50 ± 0.07	1.56 ± 0.06	1.48 ± 0.05	0.430	83.0 ± 1.7 ^L	89.0 ± 1.3	89.6 ± 1.3 ^H	0.001
Whole Grains	0.23 ± 0.03 ^L	0.45 ± 0.04	0.66 ± 0.05 ^H	<0.001	16.6 ± 1.6 ^L	29.3 ± 1.9	43.2 ± 2.3 ^H	<0.001
Non-Whole Grains	1.26 ± 0.07 ^H	1.11 ± 0.06	0.82 ± 0.05 ^L	0.002	68.3 ± 2.0 ^H	62.7 ± 2.0	50.8 ± 2.2 ^L	<0.001
Milk and Alternatives	0.46 ± 0.02 ^L	0.57 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	58.3 ± 2.2 ^L	64.5 ± 2.1	78.4 ± 1.9 ^H	<0.001
Fluid Milk	0.35 ± 0.0 ^L	0.49 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	47.7 ± 2.1 ^L	59.5 ± 2.1	75.3 ± 1.9 ^H	<0.001
Other Milk Products	0.11 ± 0.01 ^H	0.08 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01 ^L	0.025	16.2 ± 1.6 ^H	10.1 ± 1.1	9.9 ± 1.3 ^L	<0.001
Meat and Alternatives	0.20 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.02	0.508	26.8 ± 2.0	24.9 ± 1.8	23.9 ± 2.0	0.580
Other Foods	61.8 ± 6.0 ^H	48.0 ± 3.9	25.2 ± 2.0 ^L	0.019	67.7 ± 2.1 ^H	60.6 ± 2.1	49.5 ± 2.1 ^L	<0.001
Adults 18+ years (n = 12,550)
Food Group ²	Mean Food Group Intake (Servings or kcal ³)			p ⁴	Proportion Consuming Food Group (%)			p
Food Group ²	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p ⁴	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p
Vegetables and Fruit	0.42 ± 0.03 ^L	0.72 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.04 ^H	<0.001	29.9 ± 1.4 ^L	45.3 ± 1.6	56.2 ± 1.4 ^H	<0.001
Whole Fruit	0.18 ± 0.02 ^L	0.37 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	15.8 ± 1.0 ^L	30.0 ± 1.5	41.5 ± 1.4 ^H	<0.001
Fruit Juice	0.16 ± 0.02 ^L	0.26 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	8.4 ± 1.0 ^L	13.8 ± 1.2	13.9 ± 1.0 ^H	<0.001
Grain Products	1.49 ± 0.04	1.53 ± 0.04	1.47 ± 0.04	0.296	78.1 ± 1.2 ^L	82.8 ± 1.2	83.4 ± 1.1 ^H	0.003
Whole Grains	0.33 ± 0.02 ^L	0.52 ± 0.03	0.68 ± 0.03 ^H	<0.001	20.0 ± 1.3 ^L	32.2 ± 1.3	44.0 ± 1.5 ^H	<0.001
Non-Whole Grains	1.17 ± 0.04 ^H	1.02 ± 0.04	0.79 ± 0.04 ^L	<0.001	60.6 ± 1.5 ^H	55.3 ± 1.5	45.8 ± 1.4 ^L	<0.001
Milk and Alternatives	0.29 ± 0.01 ^L	0.42 ± 0.02	0.50 ± 0.02 ^H	<0.001	50.1 ± 1.6 ^L	62.1 ± 1.6	67.9 ± 1.4 ^H	<0.001
Fluid Milk	0.18 ± 0.01 ^L	0.30 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02 ^H	<0.001	40.5 ± 1.6 ^L	53.5 ± 1.6	58.8 ± 1.4 ^H	<0.001
Other Milk Products	0.11 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.452	17.0 ± 1.1	17.3 ± 1.3	17.5 ± 1.1	0.958
Meat and Alternatives	0.31 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.01	0.835	36.6 ± 1.7	36.8 ± 1.5	36.9 ± 1.5	0.989
Other Foods	74.1 ± 3.9 ^H	54.4 ± 3.9	37.8 ± 2.8 ^L	<0.001	74.2 ± 1.4 ^H	67.1 ± 1.5	65.2 ± 1.4 ^L	<0.001

¹ The data are shown as unadjusted means ± SE or proportions ± SE and are weighted to the Canadian population; ² Major food groups are italicized; food subgroups appear below major food groups and not italicized; ³ Mean numbers of servings averaged across all individuals in a tertile are shown for all food groups except other foods, which are displayed in mean kcal; ⁴ For mean intakes, the regression models included sociodemographic covariates that differed significantly across the NRF 9.3 tertiles. For children, these were age, parental education, food security status, and urban residence. For adults, age, sex, ethnicity, supplement use, education, food security status, BMI, and immigration status were included. When values differed significantly across tertiles, the Hsu multiple comparisons with the best method was used to identify the groups with the highest and lowest intakes (superscripts H and L in the table, respectively).