Table 4.
Appetite responses via visual analogue scales, and subsequent energy intake following treatments (note: the breakfast and the lunch tests were on different days).
| Satiety and Energy Intake | Mean (SD) | Mean Difference (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water Preload + Rice |
Rice Preload + Rice |
Kiwifruit Preload + Rice |
Rice vs. Water | Kiwifruit vs. Water | Kiwifruit vs. Rice | |
| Appetite after breakfast cm·min | 593 (177) | 605 (226) | 687 (218) | 12 (−39, 63) p = 0.650 |
94 (39, 149) p = 0.001 |
82 (26, 138) p = 0.004 |
| Appetite after lunch cm·min | 690 (229) | 631 (242) | 724 (261) | −59 (−103, −15) p = 0.009 |
34 (−19, 86) p = 0.208 |
93 (28, 157) p = 0.005 |
| Energy intake after breakfast (MJ) | 6.08 (2.02) | 5.99 (2.44) | 6.08 (2.34) | −0.09 (−0.94, 0.76) p = 0.836 |
0.00 (−0.88, 0.89) p = 0.995 |
0.09 (−0.72, 0.90) p = 0.823 |
| Energy intake after lunch (MJ) | 4.22 (2.20) | 4.41 (1.87) | 4.32 (1.54) | 0.19 (−0.58, 0.96) p = 0.629 |
0.10 (−0.63, 0.83) p = 0.788 |
−0.09 (−0.74, 0.56) p = 0.786 |
Appetite scale combined all four items, with the ‘how full do you feel’ item reversed. A higher score indicates a greater appetite. Appetite n = 28 at breakfast; n = 29 at lunch; Energy intake n = 27.