Table 5.
First Author, Year | Amino Acids | CH | Fatty Acids | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glutamate Glutamic acid | Glutamine | Isoleucine | Valine | β-Glucose | Acetate | Butyrate Butyric acid | Propionate | |
Lin, 2016 [58] | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
Amiot, 2015 [59] | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ||
Phua, 2014 [15] | ||||||||
Bezabeh, 2009 [60] | → | → | → | → |
Abbreviations: ↑, increased levels in cases compared to healthy individuals; ↓, decreased levels in cases compared to healthy individuals; →, significant differences between cases and healthy individuals (not reported if increased or decreased); CH, carbohydrates. Empty lines indicate that this specific metabolite was not investigated in the corresponding study.