Table 2.
Heritability estimates of carotenoid concentrations.
| Carotenoids | Maximal Heritability (%) | Genetic Heritability (%) | Common Env. Effect (%) | Familial Effect p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-carotene | 43.40 | 28.54 | 14.87 | 0.18 |
| β-carotene | 51.29 | 41.68 | 9.61 | 0.14 |
| β-cryptoxanthin | 23.89 | 0.0043 | 23.88 | 0.49 |
| Lutein | 88.32 | 43.82 | 44.50 | 0.000006 * |
| Lycopene | 45.23 | 0.000095 | 45.23 | 0.0043 * |
| Zeaxanthin | 44.67 | 44.67 | 0 | 0.45 |
| Total carotenoids | 43.38 | 25.81 | 17.57 | 0.13 |
Heritability estimates from the full ACE general model. * Familial effect (genetic and common environmental effects) significantly different from 0 (p ≤ 0.05).