Table 3.

Significant phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between carotenoid concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Cardiometabolic Risk Factor	ρP ± Standard Error (SE)	p	ρG ± SE	p	ρE ± SE	p
β-cryptoxanthin
TG	0.31 ± 0.14	0.035 *	0.35 ± 0.42	0.50	0.28 ± 0.33	0.44
CRP 1	0.28 ± 0.14	0.046 *	−1 ± 0	0.51	0.61 ± 0.31	0.012 **
Lycopene
SBP	0.31 ± 0.14	0.042 *	0.62 ± 0.41	0.16	−0.12 ± 0.48	0.80
DBP	0.44 ± 0.12	0.0017 **	1 ± 0	0.009 **	−0.53 ± 0.55	0.23
Zeaxanthin
TG	0.40 ± 0.13	0.021 *	0.61 ± 0.42	0.21	0.18 ± 0.39	0.65
Glucose	0.33 ± 0	0.011 *	0.24 ± 0.76	1	0.51 ± 0.23	0.13

Phenotypic correlation (ρ_P) is partitioned into genetic (ρ_G) and environmental (ρ_E) correlations. * Significant correlation p-value ≤ 0.05; ** Significant Bonferroni adjusted p-value; ¹ Values are log10 transformed.