Table 3. Metabolites identified from the aqueous kidney extracts, and their fold change values versus control group.

^aMultiplicity: s, singlet; d, double; t, triplet; q, quartets; m, multiplet.

^bFC, fold change = C-dots injected samples/control samples; color coded according to the log₂(FC) using color bar , red denotes the increase and blue the decrease in the C-dots injected groups.

^c P values corrected by the BH (Benjamini–Hochberg) methods were calculated based on a parametric Student's t-test or a nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.