Table 4.
Year | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Patient Characteristics | Adjusted for Patient and Physician Characteristics | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | ||
Immigrants | ||||||||||
Enhanced vs. traditional fee-for-service | 2005 | 0.86 | (0.83–0.90) | <.0001 | 0.86 | (0.82–0.90) | <.0001 | 0.89 | (0.85–0.93) | <.0001 |
2006 | 0.95 | (0.92–0.98) | 0.0016 | 0.96 | (0.93–0.99) | 0.0087 | 0.98 | (0.94–1.01) | 0.1181 | |
2007 | 0.98 | (0.95–1.02) | 0.3024 | 0.98 | (0.95–1.02) | 0.3391 | 1.02 | (0.98–1.05) | 0.4424 | |
2008 | 0.96 | (0.92–1.00) | 0.0656 | 0.97 | (0.92–1.01) | 0.1516 | 1.01 | (0.97–1.06) | 0.5703 | |
2009 | 0.99 | (0.94–1.05) | 0.7257 | 1.02 | (0.97–1.08) | 0.458 | 1.04 | (0.98–1.10) | 0.238 | |
2010 | 0.92 | (0.86–0.98) | 0.0082 | 0.95 | (0.89–1.01) | 0.0933 | 1.00 | (0.93–1.06) | 0.9135 | |
2011 | 1.09 | (1.01–1.18) | 0.0229 | 1.14 | (1.06–1.23) | 0.0008 | 1.21 | (1.12–1.31) | <.0001 | |
2012 | 1.21 | (1.11–1.32) | <.0001 | 1.30 | (1.19–1.42) | <.0001 | 1.29 | (1.18–1.40) | <.0001 | |
Long-Term Residents | ||||||||||
Enhanced vs. traditional fee-for-service | 2005 | 1.01 | (1.00–1.02) | 0.1411 | 1.01 | (1.00–1.03) | 0.0435 | 1.02 | (1.00–1.03) | 0.032 |
2006 | 1.04 | (1.02–1.05) | <.0001 | 1.04 | (1.03–1.05) | <.0001 | 1.05 | (1.04–1.07) | <.0001 | |
2007 | 1.09 | (1.07–1.11) | <.0001 | 1.09 | (1.07–1.11) | <.0001 | 1.11 | (1.09–1.13) | <.0001 | |
2008 | 1.13 | (1.10–1.16) | <.0001 | 1.14 | (1.11–1.17) | <.0001 | 1.17 | (1.14–1.20) | <.0001 | |
2009 | 1.19 | (1.15–1.22) | <.0001 | 1.20 | (1.17–1.24) | <.0001 | 1.19 | (1.15–1.23) | <.0001 | |
2010 | 1.16 | (1.11–1.21) | <.0001 | 1.17 | (1.13–1.22) | <.0001 | 1.19 | (1.14–1.24) | <.0001 | |
2011 | 1.20 | (1.13–1.26) | <.0001 | 1.21 | (1.15–1.27) | <.0001 | 1.25 | (1.18–1.31) | <.0001 | |
2012 | 1.14 | (1.07–1.21) | <.0001 | 1.19 | (1.12–1.26) | <.0001 | 1.17 | (1.10–1.24) | <.0001 | |
Ratios of Odds Ratios | ||||||||||
Difference in enhanced vs. traditional fee-for-service between immigrants vs. long-term residents | 2005 | 0.85 | (0.82–0.89) | <.0001 | 0.85 | (0.81–0.89) | <.0001 | 0.87 | (0.84–0.91) | <.0001 |
2006 | 0.92 | (0.89–0.95) | <.0001 | 0.92 | (0.89–0.95) | <.0001 | 0.93 | (0.90–0.96) | <.0001 | |
2007 | 0.90 | (0.86–0.94) | <.0001 | 0.90 | (0.87–0.94) | <.0001 | 0.92 | (0.88–0.96) | <.0001 | |
2008 | 0.85 | (0.81–0.89) | <.0001 | 0.85 | (0.80–0.89) | <.0001 | 0.87 | (0.82–0.91) | <.0001 | |
2009 | 0.83 | (0.78–0.89) | <.0001 | 0.85 | (0.80–0.90) | <.0001 | 0.87 | (0.82–0.93) | <.0001 | |
2010 | 0.79 | (0.73–0.85) | <.0001 | 0.81 | (0.75–0.87) | <.0001 | 0.84 | (0.78–0.90) | <.0001 | |
2011 | 0.91 | (0.84–1.00) | 0.050 | 0.95 | (0.86–1.03) | 0.218 | 0.97 | (0.89–1.07) | 0.5267 | |
2012 | 1.06 | (0.96–1.18) | 0.273 | 1.10 | (0.99–1.22) | 0.089 | 1.10 | (0.99–1.22) | 0.0803 |
Ratios of odds ratios are also presented, with long-term residents and traditional fee-for-service serving as referent groups